Gender- Sexism

Question 1

Semantic reclamation

Answer 1

Removing the negative connotations of a particular pejorative (negatively associated) term.

Question 2

Stanley (1977)

Answer 2

Argued of a negative semantic space for women, that distinctions made between male and female occupations attach implications negatively to the female occupations.

Question 3

Lexical asymmetry

Answer 3

The female equivalents of male words having different, typically more negative, connotations.

Question 4

Androcentric language

Answer 4

Uses the male as normative form of words

Question 5

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 5

Suggests the language a person speaks influences the way they think.

Question 6

Marked terms

Answer 6

Often terms associated with females are marked by the addition of a suffix to the male, unmarked term. E.g. ‘waiter’ to ‘waitress’

Question 7

Negative semantic space

Answer 7

Using unnecessary words to specify who is doing the job. E.g. ‘female doctor’, ‘male nurse’.

Question 8

Diminuitive suffixes and gender

Answer 8

Suffix added to a word to indicate something is small. In gender, these are added to words associated with females, often when ‘ess’ is added to male dominated occupations.

Question 9

Zimman (2017)

Answer 9

Researches how transgender and non-binary people modify their speech to fit social norms of masculine and feminine.
Findings demonstrate linguistic strategies like vowel lengthening and voice deepening to subvert gender norms.