Gender & Sexuality Flashcards
(19 cards)
Sex
refers to the primary and secondary reproductive characteristics that infants are born with or develop
Sex Category
A term sociologists use to highlight that “sex” is a category assigned at birth based on socially constructed biological criteria.
Binary Thinking
categorized people, things and ideas in terms of their difference from one another.
Intersex
a general term used for an array of variations in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t conform to the binary definitions.
Biological Determinism
maintains that humans behave the way they do because of biology and genes
Gender
groups of people treated as distinct in a society based on socially constructed ideas of biological differences
Gender Differentiation
the active process of constructing feminity and masculinity in terms of appearance, behaviors, social roles and expectations.
Sexism
a social system in which the gender group’s collective prejudice is backed by the power of legal authority and institutional control.
Patriarchal Dividend
the unearned social and cultural capital that men accrue in a sexist society
Heterosexism
is the societal and institutional reinforcement of heterosexuality as the normative and privileged form of sexuality
Why is there a male dominance in medicine?
the suppression of women’s health workers was not a natural process, it was an active takeover by male professionals, that took place before modern scientific technology. It promoted the cult of domesticity.
The Cult of Domesticity
is a prevailing value system that emphasized new ideas of femininity, the women’s role within the home and the dynamic of work and family
Theodor Edwin Klebs & Sexual Classification
he identified 5 categories of sexual classification; female, male, female/male pseudohermaphrodite and hermaphrodite.
What are the different types of patriarchy?
Male-dominated, is where positions of power and authority are reserved for men; Male-identified, is when core cultural ideas about what is considered good, desirable, preferable or normal are associated with men and masculinity; Male-centered is when the focus of attention is on men and what they do.
Wade & Hookup Culture
established that sexuality is learned through sexual scripts, which are the meanings and symbols around sexuality.; Says that in university “hookup culture” there are a plethora of scripts to encourage hooking up, and a lack os scripts to allow them to opt-out. these scripts are gendered and assume and reinforce heterosexuality.
Gansen & Gendering
From birth, children are treated differently based on their gender and they learn to “do” their role through family, peers, school, and media. Teachers also have differential responses to boys’ and girls’ behavior. Gansen suggests that if we change our gendered expectations and disciplinary responses to behaviors doors will be opened for individualized gender identies.
Ghazini & Sexuality
To her Biological determinism is the emphasis on bodies that somehow are extracted from the social worlds that help us distinguish sex and sexuality. She also thinks that our beliefs are entrenched in sexology, that claims all sexuality is heterosexual and based on biological needs. Cultural norms and social institutions affect what we do sexually and with him.
Kane & The Gender Trap
According to Kane, parents act in ways that encourage gendered patterns, reproducing gender as a social category in their selection of toys, clothes, etc. Many parental actions solidify gendered divisions of power and construct boys/girls as sperate groups, reinforcing a binary approach to gender.
The Gender Trap
is a set of expectations and structures that inhibit social change and stall parents’ intentions for loosening gender limits.
