GENDER : SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY OF GENDER DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

The social learning theory acknowledges the..

Answer 1

role that the social context plays in development

Question 2

the social learning theory acknowledges (Refer to 1st flashcard) and states…

Answer 2

all behaviour (including gender related behaviour) is learned from observing others

Question 3

the SLT draws attention to teh influence of what in shaping gender development

Answer 3

the environment (nurture)

in shaping gender development

Question 4

the slt draws attention to the influence of environment in shaping gender development - what group of people is this

Answer 4

significant others a child comes into contact with

Question 5

give examples of significant others a child comes into contact with

5 points

Answer 5

parents

peers

teachers

as well as wider influence of
media and culture

Question 6

(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) what are children more likely to be reinforced(praised and encouraged) for/
whats direct reinforcemnt

Answer 6

demonstrating behaviour that is stereotypically gender appropriate

e.g boys being encouraged to engage in rough and tumble play

girld being rewarded for being passive , gentle and staying close to theri parent

Question 7

(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) what is differential reinforcement

Answer 7

the way in which boys and girls are encouraged to show distinct gender appropriate behaviour

Question 8

(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) how does child learn their gender identity

Answer 8

through differential reinforcement

Question 9

(DIRECT REINFORCEMENT) a child is more likely to repeat a behaviour that has been

Answer 9

reinforced (Rewarded)

This may be direct or indirect

Question 10

What is indirect (vicarious) reinforcement

Answer 10

behaviour is more likely to be imitated by a child , if consequeces of another persons behaviour are favourable

Question 11

give example of indirect reinforcement on a girl where consequences are desirable

2 marks
(point + explanation)

Answer 11

girl sees mum gettig complimented when she wears makeup and pretty dress

girl might try repeat behaviour when shes able

Question 12

in indirect reinforcement when is behaviour less likely to be repreated or imitated by a child

Answer 12

consequences of behaviour are unfavourable e.g punished

Question 13

give example of indirect renforcement for a boy - where consequence are unfavourable

2 marks
(point + explanation)

Answer 13

little boy sees another boy being teased for displaying feminine behaviour

the behaviour is less liekly to be copied

Question 14

identification refers to a process whereby

3 marks

Answer 14

child attaches themselves to a person

who is seen to be liek them or

a person they want to be like

Question 15

in identification people that posses qualtiies the child sees as desirable are known as

Answer 15

role models

Question 16

whata is a role model in identification

Answer 16

person posseses qualtiies the child sees as desirable

Question 17

where can arole model be found in a childs life

2 places
+ example

Answer 17

may be aprt of childs immediate environment (parent, siblings, teachers)

may be present in the media e.g pop/sport stars ,

Question 18

what do 3 things do role models tend to be

Answer 18

attractive

hihg status

usually (crucially for learnign gender behaviours) the same gender as the child

Question 19

from a role models perspective what is modelling

Answer 19

precise demonstration of a behaviour that amy be imitated by an observer

Question 20

when might a mother model stereotypically feminine behaviour

2 examples pls

Answer 20

tidying house

preparing for dinner

Question 21

what can the term modellign also be used to explain

Answer 21

learning from teh observers POV

Question 22

Give example of a girl modelling behaviour she’s seen

Answer 22

little girl copies her mother setting the table

attemptign to feed her doll using a toy bottle

Question 23

mediational porcesses are central to

Answer 23

the learning of gender behaviour

Question 24

how many mediational (cognitive) processes are there

Answer 24

4

Question 25

state the 4 mediational gender processes

Answer 25

attention

retention

motivation

motor reproduction

Question 26

give example of boy using ATTENTION
2 points

Answer 26

little boy wants to emulate fav prem league player - jude bellingham

by paying close attention to what footballer does

Question 27

give exaple f retention from the boy trying to emulate his prem legue playher

Answer 27

rembering the skills the footballer showed on pitch

and trying to reproduce these later in playground with friends

Question 28

what is motivation - using footy boy example

Answer 28

desire to repeat behaviour comes from wanting t be like his hero (identification)

Question 29

give example of motor reproduction from footy boy

Answer 29

boy must eb physicallt capable of producinng football skills

Question 30

STRENGTH SUPPORTING EVIDENCE SMITH LLOD

Answer 30

P: There is evidence to support the SLT from SMITH and LLOYD(1978)

E: 4-6 month old babies were DRESSED half the time in BOYS CLOTHES and half the time in GIRLS CLOTHES, ADULTS were observed to see how they INTERACTED with the babies

E: Babies assumed to be male were given a HAMMER SHAPED RATTLE and encouraged to be ADVENTUROUS , when the same babies were dressed as a girl they were given a CUDDLY TOY and were reinforced for being PASSIVE

L: This reinforces the claim that GENDER-APPROPRIATE behaviour is stamped in at an EARLY AGE through DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT

Question 31

STRENGTH - application to real life

Answer 31

P: Further support for the SLT of gender comes from its application to real -life as it can be used to help COUNTER GENDER STEREOTYPES

E: For example, in recent DISNEY MOVIES such as BRAVE and FROZEN females are presented in NON STEREOTYPICAL ROLES, such as STRONG LEADERS

E: PINGREE(1978) found that TV ADS with WOMEN in NON STEREOTYPICAL ROLES reduced stereotyping in young GIRLS

L: The effectiveness of these ADS AND FILMS reinforce the SLT claims about the INFLUENCE and impact of ROLE MODELS and IDENTIFICATON on gender

Question 32

LIMITATION -

oppose case study David Reimer
biologically male botched circumcision penis girl chromosomal influence environment
incomplete explanation gender shaped experiences

Answer 32

P: There is evidence to OPPOSE the SLT of gender from the CASE STUDY of DAVID REIMER
E: He was born BIOLOGICALLY MALE but due to a BOTCHED CIRCUMCISION that left him without a PENIS, he was raised as a GIRL
E: This suggests that … … is more powerful than … in the development of gender
L: The SLT therefore provides an … … of … as they believe it is … by our …