gene expression Flashcards
(13 cards)
what determines your phenotype
the protein made in a cell
what controls gene expression
the base sequence of the gene is “read” and turned into a protein
what does mRNA do
carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome (carries message)
what does tRNA do
takes a specific amino acid from cytoplasm to the ribosome. (transfers amino acids to the correct place)
what does rRNA do
forms the ribosome (along with proteins)
how does the genetic code from the DNA get to the ribosomes
the code is copied onto mRNA, takes to the ribosome
what is transcription and what is it controlled by
it’s the synthesis of the mRNA from a section of DNA. it is controlled by RNA polymerase
what is stage 1 of transcription
RNA polymerase moves along the gene unwinding and unzipping.
what is stage 2 of transcription
free mRNA nucleotides join with complementary nucleotides on the DNA template
what is stage 3 of transcription
weak hydrogen bonds form between base pairs
what’s stage 4 of transcription
strong chemical bonds form between the sugar of one RNA nucleotide and phosphate of the next
what’s stage 5 of transcription
weak hydrogen bonds break between the complementary bases allowing mRNA to peel off the DNA
what’s the last (6) stage of transcription
this molecule is called a primary mRNA transcript
