Gene Expression

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Section of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein controlling a particular characteristic

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Variety of a gene

Question 3

Triplet

Answer 3

3 nucleotides on a gene

Question 4

Codon

Answer 4

3 nucleotides on mRNA

Question 5

Anticodon

Answer 5

3 nucleotides on tRNA

Question 6

Amino acid

Answer 6

Monomer of a polypeptide

Question 7

Protein

Answer 7

The functional product of gene expression

Question 8

Primary structure

Answer 8

The order and number of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 9

Secondary structure

Answer 9

The primary structure folding up into either an alpha helix or an B pleated sheet using hydrogen bonding

Question 10

Tertiary structure

Answer 10

Secondary structure folder further using hydrogen and disulfur bonds to form a globular shape

Question 11

Quaternary structure

Answer 11

More than one tertiary folded polypeptides forming one functional protein

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

A biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy of a reaction in a cell

Question 13

Protein synthesis

Answer 13

Process of transcription and translation where the code on a gene is used to make a functional protein

Question 14

Transcription

Answer 14

First stage of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus where a gene is copied onto a mRNA molecule

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

the alleles an individual has for a particular gene

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

The expression of the genotype and how it is affected by the environment

Question 17

Ribosome

Answer 17

Organelle that Carrie’s out translation using mRNA and tRNA

Question 18

Redundant

Answer 18

The last base of a codon does not always change the amino acid the codon codes for

Question 19

Degenerate

Answer 19

Several codons code for the same amino acid

Question 20

Mutation

Answer 20

A random and permanent change in the base sequence of a gene giving rise to new alleles

Question 21

Mutagen + examples

Answer 21

Factor that can increase the chances of a mutation occurring
Radiation, chemicals, infectious agents

Question 22

Metabolic pathway

Answer 22

Series of enzyme controlled reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of the next enzyme

Question 23

Substrate

Answer 23

Chemical that fits into the active site of an enzyme and is made into the product by the enzyme

Question 24

Intermediate product

Answer 24

Chemical made in the middle of the metabolic pathway, can build up if one enzyme is disrupted

Question 25

End product inhibition

Answer 25

The end product of a metabolic reaction can act as an inhibitor of the starting enzyme to prevent the metabolic reaction from occurring when it is not needed

Question 26

Environment factor

Answer 26

An internal or external factor that can influence gene expression and can change phenotype

Question 27

Translation

Answer 27

Second stage of protein synthesis whereby the code on mRNA is read by a ribosome and is used to make a polypeptide using tRNA carrying a specific amino acid

Question 28

mRNA

Answer 28

Messenger RNA that Carrie’s a copy of the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

Molecule that has a specific anticodon that correlates to a specific amino acid

Question 30

Gene expression

Answer 30

The process of translating the code from a gene to make a specific protein