Gene Expression Flashcards
(19 cards)
How many amino acids are there
20
What is the amino acid that codes for the start of transcription
Methionine
How are two amino acids joined together
The amino group and carboxyl group bond in a condensation reaction to form a strong peptide bond releasing H20
Features of the peptide bond
The peptide bond is flexible
Features of the genetic code
It’s a triplet code that’s called a codon
Code is degenerate- more than one codon can code for the same amino acid
What is the codon for the start codon
AUG
What are the 7 groups that amino acids can be grouped into
What is the importance of the different groups
Nucleophilic Small Basic Acidic Hydrophilic Aromatic Aside
Depending on which group of amino acids is dominant in a protein will give that protein its biochemical function
What does it mean by the essential amino acids and what are the essential amino acids
They are the amino acids that are not made in the body and have to be gained through the diet
Thr Tyr Phe Trp Val Leu Ile Met His Lys
What does it mean by non essential amino acids and what are they
These are the amino acids that are produced in the body and do not need to be taken in through the diet
Cys Ser Gly Ala Gln Asn Arg Asp Glu
What are the small amino acids
Glycine
Alanine
What are the nucleophilic amino acids
Serine
Threonine
Cystine
What are the aromatic amino acids
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
What are the amide amino acids
Glutamine
Asparagine
What are the hydrophobic amino acids
Valine Leucine Isoleucine Proline Methionine
What are the acidic amino acids
Aspartame
Glutamine
What are the basic amino acids
Histidine
Lysine
Arginine
Why do different reading frames occur and how many reading frames are there in a strand of DNA
Reading frames occur as the sequence is read in triplets therefore there are 3 possible start points-reading frames- in each DNA molecules there are two strands therefore overall there are 6 possible reading frames
What is an open reading frame
A sequence of sense codons that begin with an ATG start codon and end with a terminator codon
Which reading frame is transcribed
Proteins produced from a gene will be from the largest open reading frame
