Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Flashcards
Where can gene regulation occur in eukaryotes?
- Chomatin remodeling
- Transcription
- RNA processing
- mRNA stability
- Translation
- Post-translational levels
How does eukaryotic gene regulation occur by chromatin remodeling?
Histone structure can be modified by acetylation and methylation.
How does eukaryotic gene regulation occur by transcription?
Most gene specific transcription factors (TF) bind to an enhancer sequence in a combinatorial fashion adn facillitate the interation at the ptomoter with the RNA Pol II and the transcription initiation conplex that includes the Mediator protein.
What is a Homeobox (Hox) transcription factor?
A very conserved family of transcription factors, including the Ubx and Antp homeotic genes.
What is a homeotic mutation?
A mutation that changes the body plan of an organism by replacing one organ with another.
How does post-transcriptional gene regulation occur in eukaryotes?
Different or non-sequential exons from the same gene can be spliced together to give rise to different mRNAs and proteins, making more proteins than genes that encode them.
How does gene regulation in eukaryotes occur via translation?
Once a gene is transcribed and the transcript processed, the resulting mature mRNA still needs to be translated, giving the cell another opportunity to control gene production levels in the cell.
What is a promoter (Eukaryotic gene regulation)?
Site of RNA Pol recruitment and TF binding.
What is an enhancer (Eukaryotic gene regulation)?
A Distal DNA sequence the controls gene transcription, it is recognised and bound by TF.
What is Alternative splicing (Eukaryotic gene regulation)?
Post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism.
What is non-coding RNA (Eukaryotic gene regulation)?
Transcribed sequences which do not encode/do not translate into a protein. Some are regulatory.
What is microRNA (Eukaryotic gene regulation)?
Short regulatory RNA molecules produced from a genome-encoded transcript (gene) which can target another transcript via short regions of sequence complementarity and lead to the target transcript’s degradation and translational inhibition. Another means of post-transcriptional gene regulation.
