Gene technology Flashcards
What is meant by recombinant gene technology?
Combining different organism’s DNA, which helps scientists to manipulate and alter genes to improve medicine.
Through which methods can DNA be isolated?
-Reverse transcription
-Restriction endonucleases
-Gene machine
How does reverse transcription isolate DNA fragments?
It makes DNA copies from mRNA by joining the DNA nucleotides with complementary bases to the mRNA sequence. The DNA copy is called cDNA, which is single stranded but made double stranded using DNA polymerase.
How do restriction endonucleases isolate DNA fragments?
These are enzymes which cut up DNA, with specific active sites complementary to different DNA recognition sequences, so that each enzyme cuts at a certain point. Sticky ends are created with exposed DNA bases and these are palindromic as they join to DNA with complementary bases.
How does a gene machine isolate DNA fragments?
-The protein of interest is first examined to identify the amino acid sequence so that mRNA and DNA sequence sequence can be worked out.
-The DNA sequence is entered into the computer to check that it’s safe to produce.
-The computer creates small sections of overlapping single strands of nucleotides that make up the gene (oligonucleotides). These are joined to create the entire DNA.
-PCR can then be used to amplify the amount and make the double strand.
Why is a promoter region added to the start of DNA fragments?
To act as the binding site for RNA polymerase to enable transcription
Why is a terminator region added to the end of DNA fragments?
