Gene Test Concept 3 SG Flashcards
(36 cards)
Diploid
2 full sets of chromosomes (2n); 1 set from mom, 1 set from
dad
Haploid
1 full set of chromosomes (n); 1 set that is a combination of
chromosomes from mom and dad
Karyotype
Diagram that shows the number and visual appearance of the
chromosomes in a cell
Meiosis
The process of cell division that makes gametes in the gonads
for sexual reproduction
- Sexual reproduction
The fusing of genetic information (gametes) from two parents
to produce offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents
*Fertilization
- The actual fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote
*Homologous chromosomes
- Chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes (1
from mom and 1 from dad)
Sister chromatids
2 identical copies of the same chromosome
Describe the difference between somatic cells and
gametes.
Somatic cells are body cells that are diploid, meaning
they have full copies of DNA (2 complete sets) in each
cell.
* Gametes are sex cells (egg and sperm) that are
haploid, meaning each cell only has half of the DNA (1
complete set).
Differentiate between autosomes and sex
chromosomes.
- Autosomes are chromosomes that carry traits that make
you who you are. - Ex. In humans, chromosomes 1-44
- Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that specifically
determine biological sex. - Ex. In humans, chromosomes 45-46
Explain why cells going through meiosis must divide
twice.
Because the purpose of meiosis is to make cells for sexual reproduction,
the resulting cells need to have half the amount of DNA,
since they will hopefully later fuse during fertilization to make offspring.
what would happen if cells only divided once through meiosiss
- If the parent cell only divided once, the resulting cells would have
the same amount of DNA as the parent cell, and thus the zygote
would end up with way too much DNA.
Differentiate between the purpose and results of meiosis
I and meiosis II.
- Meiosis I = purpose is to separate homologous chromosome
pairs, so the result is 2 haploid cells that still have duplicated
chromosomes (sister chromatids). - Meiosis II = purpose is to separate sister chromatids, so the
result is 4 haploid daughter cells with unduplicated
chromosomes.
Explain the significance of crossing over.
It creates new combinations of genes, with recombinant DNA
that is part mom and part dad.
Summarize the key differences in purpose and
results of meiosis and mitosis.
- Meiosis = purpose is to make haploid gametes with half
the amount of DNA for sexual reproduction. - Mitosis = purpose is to make identical diploid body
cells to the parent cell for growth and repair.
Explain the difference between a mistake made
during meiosis and a mistake made during mitosis.
- A mistake made in meiosis would be passed on to
potential offspring in an egg or sperm. - A mistake made in mitosis would (most likely) only affect
the parent and could result in cancer, or uncontrolled cell division.
Identify a cell as haploid or diploid based on a
description or picture.
ask dr chapmen
Predict a consequence for an error made during
one of the phases in meiosis.
ask
somatic cells
body cells, these are diploid (2n)`
what are blood cells, lung cells, and heart cells
somatic cells
gametes
sex cells
these are haploid (n)
what is eggs and sperms
gametes
diploid cells
2 full sets of chromosomes
2n
a set from mom and a set from dad
in human, somatic cells
each set (one from ___ and one from ___ ) is ____ pairs of chromosomes; this makes its diploid or 2n number ____
mom and dad, 23, 46
