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Biology > Gene to Protein Vocab > Flashcards

Gene to Protein Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Review Terms

Eukaryote

Eukaryotic cell

A

Cell that has a nucleu and other membrane-bound organelles

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2
Q

Review Terms

Prokaryote

Prokaryotic cell

A

Cell that does not have a nucleus or tother membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

Review Terms

Trait

A

Characteristic that is inherited

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4
Q

Review Terms

Gene

A

Specific region of DNA that codes for a particula protein

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5
Q

Review Terms

Monomer

A

molecular subunit of a polymer

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6
Q

Review Terms

Nucleotide

A

Monomer that forms DNA and has a phoshate group, a sugur, and a nitrogen-containing base

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7
Q

Review Terms

DNA

A

Molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms

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8
Q

Review Terms

RNA

A

Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

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9
Q

Review Terms

Protein

A

Polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Folds into particulat structures depending on bonds between amino acids

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10
Q

Review Terms

Amino acid

A

Molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfer

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11
Q

8.4 Transcription

Central Dogma

A

Theory that states that, in cells, infromation only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

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12
Q

8.4 Transcription

Transcription

A

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementry strand of mRNA

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13
Q

8.4 Transcription

RNA polymerase

A

Enzyme that catalyzed the synthesis of complementry strand of RNA from a DNA template

enzyme

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14
Q

8.4 Transcription

mRNA

Messenger RNA

A

From RnA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it servers as a template for protein synthesis

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15
Q

8.4 Transcription

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA

A

RNA that is the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as a molecular clock

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16
Q

8.4 Transcription

tRNA

Transfer RNA

A

From of RNA that brings amino acids to rimbomes durng protein synthesis

17
Q

8.5 Translation

Translation

A

Prosess by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

18
Q

8.4 Transcription

Codon

A

Sequence of three nicleotides that code ot one amino acid

19
Q

8.4 Transcription

Stop Codon

A

Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

20
Q

8.4 Transcription

Start Codon

A

Codon that signals to ribosome the beging translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein

21
Q

8.4 Transcription

Anticodon

A

Set of three nuclotides in tRNA molecule that bonds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

Biology (12 decks)

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