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General Flashcards

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1
Q

Which acronym can be used for skin history?

A

SOCRATES!

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2
Q

What method can you employ for systematic approach to rashes?

A 
Colour
Size
Morphology
Pattern
Distribution
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3
Q

Name examples of terminology for morphology

A

Elevation- macule or patch

Elevated- pustule, wheal, vesicle, bullae, nodule, papule , plaque

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4
Q

Provide examples of secondary lesions/skin changes

A

excoriation, scale, crust, scar, ulcer, fissure

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5
Q

What are the four main types of rashes?

A
  1. Maculopapular
  2. Erythematous
  3. Petechial/purpuric
  4. Vesiculo-bulous
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6
Q

How can the pattern of a rash be desrcibed?

A 
demarcated/indistinct
linear
target/bulls-eye
annular/ring shaped
discoid/disc-shaped
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7
Q

How can distribution be described?

A

generalised/localised
central/peripheral
flexural/extensor
site-specific e.g. pressure area, photosensitive site

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8
Q

After taking a history and observing the rash, how would you complete the examination?

A

palpate
associated signs- temp, oedema, crepitus
systems examination (as appropriate) scalp/hair, nails, mucosal membranes, joints, eyes

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9
Q

Which drug is associated with red man syndrome?

A

vancomycin- widespread urticarial erythematous rash

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10
Q

What is adult onset stills disease?

A

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a form of Still’s disease, a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized by the classic triad of fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-colored bumpy rash.

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11
Q

What is erythroderma?

A

redness all over, >80%

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12
Q

Name four differentials for erythroderma

A

psoriasis, aczema, pityriasis rubra pilaris, cutaneous adverse drug reaction

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13
Q

Name 5 investigations you would conduct in a patient with erythroderma

A

routine bloods (FBC), bacterial skin swab, body temp, CRP, blood pressure, fluid balance

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14
Q

Which drugs may worsen psoriasis?

A

antimalarials, B blockers, lithium

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15
Q

Which scoring system is used for psoriasis to determine psychological effects?

A

DLQI

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16
Q

Name 5 sites that you should pay close attention to when examining for psoriasis

A

extensors, nails, scalp, joints, genital regions, post-auricular regions

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17
Q

Name four nail changes that can arise in psoriasis

A

pitting, oncholysis, subungal hyperkeratosis, leukonoychia, oil drop

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18
Q

Name three patterns of psoriasis

A 
guttate
flexural ?? (not extensor??)
pustular
erythrodermic
palmoplantar
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19
Q

Name three arthropathies associated with psoriasis

A

asymmetric mono/oligoarthritis

spondylitis/sacroilitis, RF seronegative arthritis

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20
Q

Discuss the management of psoriasis

A

Topical treatments: emollients, topical steroids, vit D analogues, cool tar

Weight loss

Reduce alcohol

Phototherapy

Biologics

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21
Q

Name four dermal manifestations of SJS/TEN

A

diffuse erythema, macule, targetoid lesions, skin detachment, erosions and flaccid blisters

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22
Q

What is the Nikolsky sign?

A

blisters and erosions appearing when the skin is rubbed gently/top layers of the skin slip away from the lower layers when rubbed

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23
Q

Name four drugs/classes associated with SJS/TEN

Study These Flashcards
A

NSAIDs, abx, anti-epileptic, allopurinol

24
Q

Investigations for suspected SJS/TEN?

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A

FBC (anaemia, leukopaenia, neutropaenia can arise), U+Es (effect of fluid loss), LFTs (transaminitis and hepatitis), blood cultures, bacterial skin swab, viral skin swab, skin biopsy

25
Which severity scoring system is used in SJS/TEN?
SCORTEN
26
Name the components of the SCORTEN score
``` age >40 cancer heart rate >120 >10% epidermal detachment high urea high glucose low bicarb ```
27
Describe the management in SJS/TEN
``` ID + stop culprit drug fluid balance temp control glycaemia control skin care mouth and eye care analgesia ```
28
Prophylaxis for which event should be commenced in SJS/TEN?
VTE
29
Which blood tests must be monitored during isotretinoin treatment?
LFTs- can cause transaminitis
30
For which indication is patch testing available for dermatology referral?
contact dermatitis, delayed hypersensitivity, type 4
31
Which topical treatments are available in dermatology?
emollients- water based (better to apply to weepy/watery wounds), ointments (oil based)
32
What chemical is used in cryotherapy?
liquid nitrogen
33
What are the indications for cryotherapy?
precancerous skin conditions and early stage skin cancer, retinoblastoma, skin conditions like warts skin tags and dark spots Other cancers: cervical, liver, prostate
34
What are the complications of cryotherapy?
bleeding, bone fractures, nerve damage, swelling, scarring, skin infections
35
Name a very potent steroid. What are side effects of this?
betnovate- skin atrophy, striae, increased risk of infection
36
List three subtypes of acne
comedonal, papulopustular, nodulocystic
37
Which mechanisms of acne do treatment target?
bacterial growth, plugging, and sebum production
38
List three common side effects of isotretinoin
dry lips, nose bleeds, myalgia
39
List two serious effects of isotretinoin
liver function damage, teratogenicity
40
What is the treatment for rosacea?
avoid sun exposure topical azelaic acid oral doxy
41
What is the severity scoring tool in atopic dermatitis?
SCORAD- eczema
42
Which is the severity scoring tool for psoriasis?
PASI- psoriasis area and severity index
43
Which is the severity scoring tool for general dermatology life quality?
DLQI
44
List three common drugs that result in acute drug rashes
antibiotics e.g. penicillin and trimethoprim, NSAIDs, antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine, cardiac drugs e.g. BB, ACE, anticoag
45
Name five types of common skin drug reactions
1. Maculopapular (change in colour and raised) 2. Urticaria (hives e.g.nettle rash) 3. Morbilliform (measles erruption) 4. Papulosquamous (raised areas with dry flakiness) 5. Photo-toxic (UV light+drug)
46
What are the triggers of vasculitis?
infection, drugs, autoimmune connective tissue disease e.g. RA
47
The bull's eye rash is a typical skin manifestation of which disease?
lyme's disease
48
Two triggers for acne rosacea?
Sunlight Food Drugs Pregnancy
49
One treatment for athlete's foot?
topical metronidazole
50
One treatment for acne rosacea?
topical metronidazole
51
Name a complication of acne rosacea that affects the nose?
rhinopyma (knobbly nose)
52
Acanthosis nigricans is most commonly associated with which diseasE?
gastric carcinoma
53
Which organism causes molloscum contagiosum?
pox virus
54
What is the gaiter area?
skin below knee and above ankle
55
Lichen sclerosis can be a precursor to what?
SCC

Dermatology (11 decks)

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