General Flashcards by Zainab M

Reye’s syndrome

Associated with use of salicylates in children(aspirin) under 16yrs
Symptoms— liver damage, encephalopathy (confusion, brain swelling)
Mostly seen after viral exposure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tachyphylaxis

When the body no longer responds to drugs which is due repeated exposure eg drugs acting on nervous system

This is either by phosphorylation or similar event often requiring higher doses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inunction

Improve absorption through skin by suspending drug in oily vehicle and rubbing it into skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specific gravity
(Same as density but no units)

Ratio of density of substance to density of water
Used for IV meds mostly and interpreting urinalysis
Note: density of water is 1
If SG is greater that 1, it’s heavier than water
If less, water is heavier

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

D penicillamine

Sulfahydryl group chelates metals
Similar to dimercaprol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EDTA

Carboxylic group chelates lots of metal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACEI

The enzymes posses zinc metal which is the active sight for inhibitors
Captopril (thiol pharmacophore)
Lisinopril (carboxylic group)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tetracycline

1carbonyl, 3 hydroxyl groups can chelates metals wc is a side effect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ciprofloxacin

Can also chelates metal due to 1,3 dicarbonyl group

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Milk thistle

Silymarin from Silybum marianum
Hepatoprotection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Narcolepsy

Excessive uncontrollable sleepiness in the day time
Treated with amphetamines(also ADHD)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adrenochrome

A red colored byproduct of epinephrine after oxidation (hydroxyl groups) which can polymerize to form black compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chlordiazepoxide

A benzodiazepine that undergoes light catalyzed reaction to form inactive compound

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phototoxic drugs

Can absorb light so lead to side effects such as sun burn, skin reaction, erythema, extreme sensitivity
Eg of drugs TCNs, FQs, certain TCA, NSAIDS of propionic acid class and amiodarone

Use sunscreen, avoid sun or discontinue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Linoleic acid

omega 3 FA prevents essential FA deficiency
Elongated to arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA
Lowers CV dxs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DHEA
Fountain of youth

Dehydroepiandrosterone-endogenous product of cholesterol metabolism act as precursor of testosterone and estradiol which begins to decline in3rd decade used for depression, arthritis, cancer and performance enhancer

Containdicated in hormone responsive cancer
SE acne, hirtusism, voice deepening, menstrual irregularities, gunaecomastia, wt gain , insomnia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CoQ 10

Ubiquinone(and cholesterol product of mevalonate)
Product of mevalonate pathway (used with HMGCoA wch inhibits the pathway)
Used cancer, diabetes,CV dxs (angina, heart failure)

Increase PT time or INR (should be monitored)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Omega 3 FA

And fish oil
Precursor of EPA and DHA (can use dietary supplements)
Remove fish skin and fat which can accumulate polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)
Mercury in flesh of shark, king mackerel, swordfish or tilefish
SE anti thrombotic effects especially in 3g/day dose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Melatonin

Induce sleep
Used widely for minimising and preventing jet lag
Improve sleep latency but not efficiency and length
Exogenous derived from bovine
SE drowsiness, nausea, disorientation and decrease sperm count and motility in male

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Melatonin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drug shortages and other info.

Study These Flashcards

By APhA and ASHSP (American Society of Health System Pharmacist)

Biologics

Study These Flashcards

Vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenic, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues and recombinant therapeutic proteins
Information found in Purple book
(Product exclusivity, biosimilarity and interchangeability evaluations)

CDSS

Study These Flashcards

Clinical decision support system in pharmacy

CPOE

Study These Flashcards

Computerized physician order entry at the Doctors to reduce errors

AMP

The actual transaction price received by manufacturers Manufacturer must report to DHHRS of Medicaid or Medicare to determine rebates paid by manufacturer for being part of Medicare Medicaid market

PBM

CVS Caremark, Optum Rx and express script Are intermediaries bwn health plans or employers and pharmacy Reimburse pharmacies Negotiate rebates with manufacturers Create formularies, pharmacy network and review drug use

Albumin

It is basic and bind to acidic or neutral drugs Large and stays within plasma Warfarin, phenytoin, aspirin, diazepam, ibuprofen, furosemide, valproic acid, tolbutamide, and verapamil Drug-drug interaction can occur

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

AKA orosomucoid, AAG Binds to basic and neutral drugs Propranolol, lidocaine, imipramine, chlorpromazine, quinidine, alprenolol, disopyramide, methadone, fentanyl

Erythromycin formulation

Lactobionate, sugar as the counter ion which enhance water solubility used as parenteral The ethyl succinate- lipophilic so used to mask taste and improve compliance esp in children suspension

8 chloro théophylline salt

Of diphenhydramine and dimenhydramine reduces sedative effet since theophylline is a stimulant

Basic drug

Such as morphine or antihistamine used for motion sickness can have delayed onset because they are ionized in the stomach so minimally absorbed until emptied in the small intestine where it will unionized

Forced acid diuresis

Acidification of urine when overdose of basic drugs eg flurazepam in order to enhance excretion Use vitamin C , ammonium chloride

Forced alkaline diuresis

Alkalinization of urine using sodium bicarbonate in order to enhance excretion of acidic drugs eg phenobarbital

REMS

2010 Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies

Medication possession ratio

Used for calculating adherence It is sum of days supply in a fill divide by number of days in the time period

CPICg

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines —therapeutic recommendations based on pharmacogenetic results Can also be found FDA

PCR

2 primers, thermostable DNA, neucleotides and buffer cationic solution.

Emphysematous lungs

Hyperresonant or boom like sound

Healthy lung

Resonant or hollow sound

Pulse

60-100bpm

Respiratory rate

12-20 adults 20-40 children 30-60 newborns

Temperature

97.6 99.4 F or 36.5 - 37.5

Orthopnea

Difficulty breathing when in supine position

Goodpasture syndrome

Rare autoimmune dxs that attacks the basement membrane in kidneys and lungs leading to bleeding from lungs and kidney failure

Hypokalamia

Diuretics and amphotericin B Acidosis, alkalosis, insulin, glucose and B2 agonist can change serum K without affecting total.

Hyperkalamia (and false)

ACEI, heparin, trimethoprim and K sparing diuretics can cause hyper Hemolysis — false increase

CQI

Continuous quality improvement plan do study act circle

FMEA

Another CQI program Failure mode effect analysis To identify failures within a system Establish severity, occurrence score, detection score Using them determine RPN(used to establish priorities for action plan)

Hypokalamia by Dextrose in water

Insulin released cause K to shift intracellularly cause hypokalalaemia

VIS

Vaccine information statements

Thimerosal

Mercury containing preservative contained in some vaccines that is thought to cause autism but no evidence

General Flashcards

(51 cards)