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7. Meds 💊💉 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Pharmacokinetics?

A

-Drug Absorption
-Distribution
-Metabolism
-Elimination

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2
Q

Idiopathic?

A

Not well understood

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3
Q

Describe the blood brain barrier?

A

Lipid soluble can go through, ex. O2, CO2, anesthesia
Water soluble need active transport, ex. glucose, urea, proteins, antibiotics

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4
Q

Define:
ac?
pc?
bid?
tid?
qid?

A

AC: before meal
PC: after meal
2x/day
3x/day
4x/day

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5
Q

Define:
Dose?
Dosage?

A

Dose: one time amount
Dosage: the regime if the Rx(frequency, amount, # of doses)

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6
Q

What is a drug classification?

A

Drug defined by what it does/how it does it. Classes with similar drugs. A drug may belong to more than one class. Ex. Aspirin=antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory.

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7
Q

What is a contraindication?

A

Factor that prohibits administration of drug.

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8
Q

What is an adverse drug effect?

A

Unpredictable, serious, harmful rxn of drug administered at normal dose

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9
Q

What is an adverse drug rxn?

A

Any harmful effect on body due to drugs (therapeutic or abused)

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10
Q

What is a side effect?

A

Secondary, unintended, predictably cause

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11
Q

What are the 5 factors affecting absorption?

A

-Route of Administration
-Ability of the med to dissolve
-Blood flow to the site
-Body surface area
-Lipid solubility

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12
Q

Absorption is greatest in the..?

A

Small Intestine

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13
Q

3 factors influencing distribution?

A

-Circulation
-Membrane Permeability
-Protein Binding

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14
Q

What are the 10 rights?

A

-Right pt
-Right drug
-Right dose
-Right route
-Right time
-Right documentation
-Right reason
-Right to refuse
-Right to educate pt
-Right evaluation

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15
Q

When do you check the drug label?

A

3 checks:
-Before/picking out the med
-During dispensing
-After/putting away

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16
Q

What does active form of drug mean?

A

Unbinded

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17
Q

What are main organs for metabolism?

A

Main: liver
Also: kidneys, blood, intestines

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18
Q

Main organ for excretion?

A

Main: kidneys
Also: liver, bowel, lungs(alcohol and anesthetic), exocrine glands(lipid soluble)

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19
Q

What does biotransformation mean?

A

Med becoming a less active form, aka metabolism

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20
Q

Define med orders:
Single?
Stat?
Now?
Prn?
Asap?

A

Single: once, anytime
Stat: once, immediately
Now: 90min
Prn: as needed
Asap: write down

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21
Q

Meds can be submitted on?

A

-CF2003
-CFHIS
-DND1618
-CF2138

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22
Q

Screening vs Diagnostic test?

A

Screening: first test to check for an abnormality
Diagnostic: determines what you got

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23
Q

What does post-prandial mean?

Study These Flashcards
A

After meal test, ex. Glucose

24
Q

Info required on a lab req?

Study These Flashcards
A

-pt full name
-pt service #
-DOB
-ordering PA/NP/MO
-tests ordered
-relevant clinical info

25
Tests on the urine strip?
30 sec: -Glucose: lil is normal -Bilirubin: not normal 40 sec: -Ketones: lil is normal, alot could be preg, fasting 45 sec: -Specific Gravity: 1.001-1.035 normal 60 sec: -Blood: not normal -pH: 4.6-8 normal -Protein: lil normal -Urobiligen: lil normal -Nitrate: not normal 2min: -Leukocyte: indicate infection
26
What is POCT?
Point of Care Test: done at home unit to qualify you to do rapid strep A, urine analysis, preg test, BGL
27
What is the acronym for infection symptoms?
Swelling Heat Altered function Redness Pain
28
What are narcotic drugs?
Produces insensibility/stupor Controlled Drug & Substance Act (since 1996, before was Narcotic Control Regulation), B&TSR (benzos and others are the most recent addition) "N" in CFHS Catalogue & CPS, narcotic +2 others
29
What is a straight form of narcotic?
Single entity or up to 1 other therapeutic ingredient
30
Contraindications to oral meds?
-Nausea/vomit -NPO on file -Inflammed Bowel -Dysphasia
31
Best site for subcutaneous injection?
Upper arm, also abdomen, anterior thigh
32
What do immunizations do?
-agent which helps immunity -protection from infectious disease -weakened/dead disease organisms -builds immunity
33
What are the best sites for IM?
-Deltoid(least safe, easiest access) -Ventrogluteal(sciatic nerve risk) -Vastus Lateralis(safest)
34
What are side effects of venipuncture?
-pain -nerve damage -syncope -nausea Complications: -diabetic shock -cardiac arrest -skin allergy -continued bleeding -hematoma -anemia -convulsions
35
4 indications to give IVs?
-fluid/electrolytes -administer blood/blood products -TPN(total parenteral nutrition) -administer meds
36
What are contraindications to IVs?
-mastectomy -AV graft -fistula -paralysis -infection
37
5 complications of IVs?
-Infiltration of tissue -Phlebitis (inflammation of veins) -Fluid V excess -Bleeding -Catheter Embolism
38
Crystalloid vs Colloid?
Crystalloid: water & uniformly dissolved crystals ex.sugar/salt, follows osmosis Colloid: doesn't go through membranes, pulls fluid ex.blood cells, starch, albumin, decrease, platelets
39
What % NaCl is isotonic?
0.9% Also isotonic: lactated ringers, D5W
40
What is ringers lactate? What is dextrose?
Lactated Ringers: more ions than Saline. Na, Cl, K, Ca, lactate Dextrose: glucose, used for calorie deficit, hypoglycemia
41
Compare hypertonic and hypotonic?
Hyper: greater osmotic pressure than cells, fluids move out of cells, cells shrink ex.D10W, 3%NaCl Hypo: less osmotic pressure than cells, fluid moves into cells, cells expand ex.0.45% NaCl
42
How high up should I tourniquet go? If using bp cuff, what pressure?
10-15cm(4-6 inches) 50mmHg
43
Which vein runs medially and which runs laterally around forearm?
Medial: basillic Lateral: cephalic
44
What are 3 special access drugs?
-fentanyl lozenges -H16 Auto Injector -Diazepem Autoinjector
45
What is "C"? "N"? "T"?
"C" is other controlled in CFHS Catalogue & CPS part G, food & drug regs "N" is CFHS Catalogue & CPS narcotic & 2+others "T" is schedule 1 of B&TSR
46
Imposed control on narcotics means?
-responsibility -security -inventory/control -administration -dispensing -destruction
47
Difference between suspension, syrup, elixir?
Suspension: finely divided drug dispensed in liquid, settles Syrup: med dissolved in concentrated sugar solution Elixir: clear often sweetened fluid w/ med & water/alcohol
48
What is a capsule? Enteric coated? Tablet?
Capsule: Gelatin shell Enteric: do not chew/crush, released later in GI Tablet: powdered med, also binders, disintegrators, lubricants, fillers
49
3 parts of Controlled Drugs ?
Part 1: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate(ex.adderall) Part 2: Barbituates Part 3: Anabolic Steroids
50
Define IM, angle of insertion, gauge and length of needle, and volume to administer.
intramuscular(90', 18-27g(1-1.5inch) Up to 5mL
51
Define sc, angle of insertion, gauge and needle length, and volume to administer.
subcutaneous(45-90', 25g(5/8inch), 1-2mL
52
Define IV, angle of insertion, gauge of needle?
Intravenous(25'), 18-24g adults, 22-24g children
53
Define id, angle of insertion, gauge and needle length?
intradermal(5-15', 26-27g(3/8-5/8inch) Smallest volume to administer
54
What do med techs abide by regarding medications?
Restricted Act: Pharmaceuticals
55
What form is used for medication errors?
DND850

7. Meds 💊💉 (3 decks)

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