General Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
What is a characteristic of an ergonomic product?
A
Comfortable to use, adjustable
2
Q
Define recycling
A
Using waste material when creating another product
3
Q
What are the 6 R’s?
A
Recycle
Repair
Reduce
Reuse
Refuse
Rethink
4
Q
What is repair
A
Fixing a faulty product
5
Q
What is reduce
A
Decreasing use of resources such as packaging
6
Q
What is refuse
A
Not purchasing products because of concerns, boycotting
7
Q
What is reuse
A
Repurposing products which are no longer functional
8
Q
What is rethink
A
Questioning why things are a certain way to make products more effective/efficient
9
Q
Define manual system
-give an example
A
Needs a user to input and make decisions
-keyboard, mouse
10
Q
Define semi-automatic system
-give an example
A
Triggered by user but main functions are automatic
-vending machine
11
Q
Define automatic system
-give an example
A
Once started, continues without a user
-automatic doors
12
Q
Define scale of production
-what are the 4 types?
A
Amount of product being manufactured
-one off, batch, mass, continuous
13
Q
What is a microcontroller?
A
An integrated circuit chip which controls devices
14
Q
Define enterprise
A
Ability to identify a business opportunity, develop it and make it commercially successful
15
Q
Define technology push
A
Development of new tech/products driven by advancements in technology rather than market demand
16
Q
Define market pull
A
Development of new tech/products driven by customer demand rather than advancements in technology
17
Q
Define crowdfunding
A
Small amounts of money donated by many individuals to kickstart a small enterprise’s idea
18
Q
Define cooperative
A
An enterprise owned and run by its members to give them a greater voice
19
Q
Define virtual marketing
-give an example
A
Use of social media, websites, email and digital marketing to promote a product or service
-sponsorship, adverts, paid for marketing
20
Q
What is fairtrade?
A
Providing better wages and ethical working conditions for workers in developing countries while keeping a sustainable price
21
Q
Define raw
A
Not yet processed
22
Q
Define planned obsolescence
A
The planned failure of a product or service
23
Q
Define planned permanence
A
Designed to be durable
24
Q
Define sustainability
A
Meeting current needs without compromising the needs of future generations
25
What is a prototype?
A test before the final product
26
What is anthropometric data?
Study of the human body and its movement, including measurements
27
Define ergonomics
Application of anthropometric data to create a better product and improve user experience
28
Give 2 examples of CAD
Photoshop, onshape etc.
29
Give 2 examples of CAM
Laser cutter, 3D printer, CNC machine etc.
30
What does CAD stand for?
-what does CAM stand for?
Computer aided design
-computer aided manufacturing
31
What are 2 pros of CAD?
-view design from different angles
-test for weaknesses (stress test)
-see various materials/colours
-easy to share work
32
What are 3 cons of CAD?
-skilled designers required
-computers can crash and lose progress
-software can be expensive
33
What are 2 pros of CAM?
-very accurate
-more efficient
-can run constantly without breaks
-great for mass/continuous production
34
What are 3 cons of CAM?
-expensive to set up
-prolonged downtime for maintenance
-can randomly fail
35
What is a CNC machine?
-what does CNC stand for?
Works by coordinates in a 2D/3D space (x/y/z)
-computer numerically controlled
36
What are 2 pros of microcontrollers?
Smaller, cheaper, efficient
37
What are 3 cons of microcontrollers?
Hard to fix, complex, require programming
38
What are 2 pros of crowdfunding?
-generate more money, faster
-company has more support
39
What is a con of crowdfunding?
Company can get sued if doesnt successfully deliver an anticipated product
40
What is ACCESSFM short for?
-aesthetics
-cost
-customer
-environment
-size
-safety
-function
-material
41
What is automation?
Use of tech to perform tasks without human intervention
42
What are robots?
Programmable machines capable of automating tasks, often to perform complex or repetitive actions with precision and efficiency
43
What are 2 characteristics of automation?
-increased efficiency
-consistency and precision
-reduced human labour
-cost effective in long term
44
Give 3 examples of automation
-robotic arms
-CNC machines
-automated warehouses
45
What is robotics?
Design, construction and operation of robots
46
What are 2 characteristics of robots?
-programmable
-sensing, feedback (sensors allow interaction with environment and to adjust actions accordingly)
-precision and repeatability
47
Give 4 examples of robots
-industrial robots
-drones
-humanoid robots
-medical robots
48
In an isometric drawing, at what angle are horizontal edges drawn at?
30 degrees
49
Give 2 reasons why a manufacturer would switch to CAM
-increase efficiency in manufacturing
-spend less on worker wages
-decrease chance of worker error
50
Give 4 non-renewable energy sources
-coal
-oil
-natural gas
-nuclear
51
Describe how coal is used to produce energy
Coal is burnt, evaporating water which spins a turbine, producing electricity
52
What is an advantage and disadvantage of using coal to produce energy?
Advantages)
-abundant resource
-reliable
-produces a lot of energy
Disadvantage)
-contributes to global warming as produces carbon dioxide
-mining causes damage to natural land
53
Describe how oil is used for energy
Used as fuel (or turned to plastic)
54
What is an advantage and disadvantage of using oil to produce energy?
Advantages)
-small amounts can produce a lot of energy
-easy to store and transport
Disadvantages)
-significant pollution when burnt
-impacts water and land when disposed of
55
How is shale gas obtained?
Fracking (cracking open large underground rocks)
56
What is natural gas used for?
Heating, cooking
57
What is an advantage and disadvantage of using natural gas to create energy?
Advantages)
-emits less CO2 than oil or coal
-UK has shale gas deposits
Disadvantages)
-highly flammable
-extraction causes water pollution
58
How is nuclear fusion used to create energy?
Steam spins a turbine, producing electricity
59
What is an advantage and disadvantage of using nuclear fusion to create energy?
Advantages)
-produces huge amounts of energy from little uranium
-no harmful gases released
-more efficient than fossil fuels
Disadvantages)
-power stations extremely expensive
-uranium disposal is difficult and expensive
60
Give 5 types of renewable energy
-wind
-solar
-tidal
-hydroelectric
-biomass
61
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using wind to create energy
Advantages)
-sustainable
-low cost of running turbines
Disadvantages)
-unreliable
-turbines expensive to construct
62
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using solar panels to create energy
Advantages)
-clean and renewable
-reduce household energy bills
Disadvantages)
-expensive to install
-unreliable during winter and cloud coverage
63
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using tides to produce energy
Advantages)
-clean and renewable
-power plants last a long time
Disadvantages)
-construction of tidal barrages is expensive
-unknown environmental impact
64
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using hydroelectric sources to produce energy
Advantages)
-renewable
-energy can be produced at selected times
-no pollution
Disadvantages)
-dam construction is expensive
-damages surrounding environment
65
Describe how biomass is used to produce energy
Plants grown and burnt in a furnace to produce heat such as rapeseed or willow
66
Give an advantage and disadvantage of using biomass to produce energy
Advantages)
-renewable
-CO2 released can be reused by growing plants
-plants grown quickly to ensure good supply
Disadvantages)
-causes pollution
-uses lots of land
-floods valleys, damages surrounding environment
67
What are the 2 main types of batteries?
Single use, rechargeable
68
What are single use batteries sometimes referred to as?
Primary types
69
What type of batteries are alkaline batteries?
Single use batteries
70
What do button cell batteries usually power?
Calculators, hearing aids etc.
71
What voltage do AA and AAA batteries typically produce?
1.5 volts
72
What are PP3 batteries used for?
Smoke alarms, medical equipment etc.
73
What voltage do PP3 batteries produce?
9 volts
74
What are 2 advantages of rechargeable batteries?
-more economical in the long term
-can be recharged
75
Give 2 disadvantages of rechargeable batteries
-more expensive
-limited lifespan
76
Explain, in detail, why batteries should be recycled
Batteries contain harmful chemicals and metals which are bad for the environment if disposed of incorrectly. These harmful elements can contaminate the ground and poison wildlife
77
What is a kinetic pumped storage system?
A fast acting electrical energy storage system to top up the National Grid power supply at peak times when more electricity is needed
78
How does a kinetic pumped storage system work?
Has 2 reservoirs and a hydroelectric dam system.
At night, excess electricity produced from elsewhere is used to pump water from lower reservoir to the higher reservoir where water remains. During a daytime spike, the dam is opened and water from the top reservoir flows and spins a turbine which produces electricity.
79
What is a fulcrum also known as?
Pivot
80
Which class lever is like a seesaw? (Fulcrum in between load and effort)
Class 1
81
Which class lever is like a wheelbarrow? (Load in between fulcrum and effort)
Class 2
82
Which class lever is like tweezers? (Effort in between load and fulcrum)
Class 3
83
How do you calculate mechanical advantage?
Load / effort
84
Describe linear movement
Straight line, only forwards
85
Describe reciprocating movement
-give an example
Back and forth or up and down
-elevator
86
Describe rotary movement
Moving in a circle
87
Describe oscillating movement
-give an example
Pendulum motion
-swing, pendulum
88
Name 4 types of cams
Pear, circular, heart, snail
89
What is the motion of a reverse motion linkage?
-give a usage example
Opposite of input direction
-foldable clothes horse (drying rack)
90
Describe the motion of a parallel motion linkage
-give a usage example
2 moving pivots parallel, oscillating movement
-toolbox with drawers
91
Describe the motion of a bell crank linkage
-give a usage example
From horizontal to vertical movement at 90 degrees
-brakes in bikes
92
What is the equation for velocity ratio?
Teeth on driven / teeth on drive
93
What 3 things can gears change?
-speed
-torque
-direction of movement/rotation
