General Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Finger Position DP
A
Symmetrical shafts, open IP joints.
2
Q
Finger Position Lateral
A
Concave anterior shaft, open IP & MCP joints.
3
Q
Finger ROI
A
Distal phalanx to metacarpal; adjacent phalanges.
4
Q
Thumb Position AP
A
Open IP, MCP, CP joints, symmetrical shafts.
5
Q
Thumb Position Lateral
A
Concave anterior, straight posterior, open joints.
6
Q
Thumb ROI
A
Distal/proximal phalanges, 1st metacarpal, trapezium.
7
Q
Hand DP Position
A
Open CMC, MCP, IP joints (except thumb); equal shaft concavity.
8
Q
Hand DP ROI
A
Distal phalanges to distal radius & ulna.
9
Q
Hand Ball Catchers Position
A
MCP joints open, no 1st–2nd overlap, minimal MC shaft overlap.
10
Q
Hand Ball Catchers ROI
A
Entire hand to proximal radius & ulna.
11
Q
Hand Lateral Position
A
Phalanges & MCs superimposed, thumb oblique and clear.
12
Q
Hand Lateral ROI
A
Distal phalanges to 2.5 cm distal radius/ulna.
13
Q
Hand Oblique Position
A
3rd–5th MC midshafts not overlapping, MCP & IP joints open.
14
Q
Hand Oblique ROI
A
Distal phalanges to 2.5 cm distal radius and ulna.
15
Q
Wrist DP Position
A
Equal concavity of proximal MCs, distal RU joint open.
16
Q
Wrist DP ROI
A
MCP joints, lateral skin margins, proximal ¼ of radius and ulna.
17
Q
Wrist Oblique Position
A
Trapezium & scaphoid clear, ulna head partially superimposed.
18
Q
Wrist Oblique ROI
A
Distal phalanges to 2.5 cm distal radius and ulna.
19
Q
Wrist Lateral Position
A
Ulna head superimposed over radius, MCs superimposed.
20
Q
Wrist Lateral ROI
A
Proximal MCs, carpals, distal radius/ulna, lateral skin.
21
Q
PA Wrist with Ulnar Deviation Position
A
Aligned long axes, open scaphoid joints.
22
Q
PA Wrist with Ulnar Deviation ROI
A
All carpals, distal radius/ulna, proximal metacarpals.
23
Q
Elbow AP Position
A
Epicondyles in profile, elbow joint open, radial tuberosity medial.
24
Q
Elbow AP ROI
A
Distal humerus, proximal radius/ulna, soft tissues.
25
Radial Head View Position
Elbow flexed 90°, radial head in profile, joint open.
26
Radial Head View ROI
Proximal radius/ulna, distal humerus, full radial head & capitulum.
27
Forearm Lateral Position
Epicondyles superimposed, elbow flexed 90°, tuberosity anterior.
28
Forearm Lateral ROI
Entire radius/ulna, elbow joint, proximal carpals.
29
Forearm AP Position
Humeral condyles in profile, elbow joint slightly open.
30
Forearm AP ROI
Entire radius/ulna, elbow joint, proximal carpals.
31
Foot DP Position
Equal concavity of MT shafts, open MTP and TMT joints.
32
Foot DP ROI
Distal phalanges to tarsals, include skin margins.
33
Foot Oblique Position
2nd–5th MT bases not overlapping, joints around cuboid open.
34
Foot Oblique ROI
Distal phalanges to tarsals, include skin margins.
35
Foot Lateral Position
MTs nearly superimposed, base of 5th seen, talar dome aligned.
36
Foot Lateral ROI
All phalanges, MTs, tarsals, distal tib/fib, calcaneum.
37
Calcaneus Lateral Position
Calcaneus in profile, open talonavicular & tibiotalar joints.
38
Calcaneus Lateral ROI
Entire calcaneus including skin margins.
39
Pelvis AP ROI
Iliac crests to proximal femora, greater trochanters to skin margins laterally.
40
Pelvis AP Positioning
Symmetrical iliac wings, obturator foramen, sacral foramina.
41
Low-Centered Pelvis ROI
ASIS proximally, distal femora with lateral skin margins, greater trochanters.
42
Low-Centered Pelvis Positioning
Symmetrical obturator foramen and sacral foramina.
43
Hip AP ROI
Femoral head articulation with entire acetabulum and proximal 1/3rd of femur.
44
Hip AP Positioning
Greater trochanter in profile.
45
Hip Lat ROI
Femoral head articulation with entire acetabulum and proximal 1/3rd of femur.
46
Hip Lat Positioning
Patient rolled so greater trochanter superimposed by NOF.
47
Femur Lat (Knee Up) ROI
Knee joint with tib/fib and 2/3rds distal femur, skin edges included.
48
Femur Lat (Knee Up) Positioning
Medial condyle projected distally due to beam divergence.
49
Femur Lat (Hip Down) ROI
ASIS down and 2/3rds proximal femur, acetabulum, skin edges.
50
Femur Lat (Hip Down) Positioning
Shaft not foreshortened.
51
Abdomen ROI
Diaphragms superiorly, upper border of pubic symphysis inferiorly, lateral skin margins.
52
Abdomen Positioning
No rotation.
53
KUB ROI
Diaphragms superiorly, upper border of pubic symphysis inferiorly, ASIS’ laterally.
54
KUB Positioning
No rotation.
55
Coned Bladder ROI
Pubic symphysis distally, ASIS laterally.
56
Coned Bladder Positioning
Correct angle of 5 degrees to demonstrate pubic symphysis free of bladder superimposition.
57
Coned Renal ROI
Both kidneys and diaphragms.
58
Coned Renal Positioning
Midway between lower costal margin and xiphoid process.
59
Ribs (Upper) ROI
Superiorly and inferiorly include ribs 1-10, vertebral body to skin edge laterally.
60
Ribs (Upper) Positioning
Standing AP, rotate body approx. 40° with affected side closest to the bucky.
61
Ribs (Lower) ROI
Xiphoid/T7 superiorly, lower costal margin inferiorly, T12.
62
Ribs (Lower) Positioning
Supine AP.
63
Chest Lateral ROI
Apices, bases, sternum to posterior ribs.
64
Chest Lateral Positioning
Superimposition of posterior and anterior ribs (no more than 1cm of space between).
65
Chest PA ROI
Entire lung fields, apices superiorly, bases/costophrenic angles distally, lateral margins.
66
Chest PA Positioning
Inspiration (5-7 anterior ribs, 8-10 posterior ribs).
67
Lumbar Spine AP ROI
L5-T12.
68
Lumbar Spine AP Positioning
Spine central.
69
Lumbar Spine LAT ROI
T12-L5/S1 joint space, spinous process posteriorly, aorta anteriorly.
70
Lumbar Spine LAT Positioning
Posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies superimposed.
71
C Spine Oblique Positioning
Opposite pedicles aligned with anterior vertebral bodies confirming good oblique. Angle shown with open intervertebral spaces. Cranium is lateral and neither it nor mandible superimpose vertebral bodies. SC joints (if on) do not superimpose vertebral column.
72
C Spine Oblique ROI
2nd to 7th intervertebral foramina open and vertebrae uniform in size/shape. EAM superiorly. Skin margins. C4 at center of image.
73
C Spine Flexion/Extension Positioning
Lateral position shown by superimposition of posterior vertebral body borders and zygapophyseal joints superimposed. Flexion image shows well separated spinous processes. Extension shows crowding of spinous processes.
74
C Spine Flexion/Extension ROI
Sella turcica ↑. Anterior 3rd of T1. Entire vertebral bodies C1-C7.
75
C Spine Swimmers Positioning
Humerus aligned with vertebral column. Right and left zygapophyseal joints superimposed. Posterior ribs superimposed. Intervertebral disc spaces open.
76
C Spine Swimmers ROI
Cervico-thoracic junction between C7/T1.
77
C Spine Lateral Positioning
Lateral position shown by right and left zygapophyseal joints superimposed. No double lines from posterior vertebral bodies. No occiput/mandible superimposed over C1/C2. Mandibular rami superimposed. Intervertebral joint spaces open.
78
C Spine Lateral ROI
Sella turcica/clivus ↑. C1 to C7 included and anterior third of T1. Posterior and anterior skin including prevertebral fat stripe.
79
T Spine AP Positioning
Intervertebral disc spaces open. No rotation: Spinous process in midline of vertebral bodies. Clavicles equidistant from spinous processes. Pedicles symmetrical with slight lateral deviation inferiorly.
80
T Spine AP ROI
C7 to L1. T7 central and midsagittal plane in midline of image.
81
T Spine Lat Positioning
Intervertebral disc spaces open. T7 at center point of image. Posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies superimposed. No more than 1cm between posterior ribs.
82
T Spine Lat ROI
T1 to L1 included. Transverse processes laterally.
83
Humerus AP Positioning
HOH in AP position with greater tuberosity in profile. Minimal superimposition of HOH with glenoid cavity. Lesser tuberosity halfway between greater tuberosity and humeral head. Lateral and medial epicondyles in profile. Radial head and tuberosity superimposed over lateral part of proximal ulna.
84
Humerus AP ROI
Entire length of humerus. Elbow joint. Shoulder joint. Centered on midshaft. Soft tissue laterally.
85
Humerus Lateral Positioning
Lesser tuberosity profile medially. Greater tuberosity over HOH. HOH partially superimposed by lower portion of glenoid cavity. Epicondyles of distal humerus superimposed. Radial head anterior to coronoid process, radial tubercle in profile.
86
Humerus Lateral ROI
Entire length of humerus. Elbow joint. Shoulder joint. Centered on midshaft. Soft tissue laterally.
87
Ferguson View (Pelvis) Positioning
30° angle ↑ for men. 35° angle ↑ for women. L5-S1 joint open. Anterior and posterior of L5 and S1.
88
Ferguson View (Pelvis) ROI
L4-L5 joint superiorly. Mid sacrum inferiorly. SI joints laterally.
89
Judet View (Pelvis) Positioning
Patient supine, rotated 45°. Iliac wing flattened. Open and uniform hip joint of the raised hip. Open obturator foramen of the raised side and closed of the opposite.
90
Judet View (Pelvis) ROI
Entire pelvis.
91
Tib/Fib AP Positioning
Tibiotalar joint open partially. Some overlap of proximal and distal tib/fib. Fibula midshaft free of superimposition. Femoral condyles in profile with intercondylar eminence in fossa.
92
Tib/Fib AP ROI
Entire length of tibia and fibula with knee and ankle joints included.
93
Tib/Fib Lat Positioning
Outline of distal fibula seen through ½ tib/fib. Fibular midshaft free of superimposition. Tibia partially in profile. Femoral condyle posterior borders superimposed.
94
Tib/Fib Lat ROI
Entire length of tibia and fibula with knee and ankle joints included.
95
Knee AP Positioning
No rotation: Patella central over femur. Condyles in profile. 1/3rd fibula head superimposed by tibia. Intercondylar eminence in center of intercondylar fossa. Femorotibial joint open.
96
Knee AP ROI
Distal 1/3rd femur, proximal 1/3rd tib/fib, patella shown, and skin margins seen laterally. Centered on the knee joint, 2cm ↓ patella.
97
Knee Lateral Positioning
Medial and lateral femoral condyles superimposed anteriorly and posteriorly (7mm allowance). Femorotibial joint open. Fibula head slightly superimposed. Patella in profile.
98
Knee Lateral ROI
Distal 1/3rd femur, proximal 1/3rd tib/fib, patella shown, and skin margins seen laterally. Centered on the knee joint, 2cm ↓ patella.
99
Knee Skyline Positioning
Femoral condyles seen with intercondylar sulci. Patellofemoral joint space open, no superimposition.
100
Knee Skyline ROI
Patella and distal femur.
101
Knee Oblique Positioning
Fibular head free of superimposition. Patella partially superimposed over medial condyle. Lateral and medial joint space asymmetrical.
102
Knee Oblique ROI
Distal femur, knee joint, proximal tib/fib.
103
Rosenburg Knees Positioning
No rotation: symmetric condyles of femur and tibia. Intercondylar fossa open. Femorotibial joint open.
104
Rosenburg Knees ROI
Distal femur, patella, and proximal tib/fib.
105
Calcaneus Axial ROI
Entire calcaneus and skin margins
106
Calcaneus Axial Positioning
Posterior tuberosity and talocalcaneal joint seen.
Sustentaculum seen on medial aspect.
107
Ankle AP ROI
1/3rd distal tib/fib, ankle joint, malleoli, talus, proximal metatarsals
108
Ankle AP Positioning
Tibiotalar joint open (medial mortise joint).
Tibiofibular joint closed (lateral mortise).
Distal fibula over talus and lateral tibia.
Dorsiflexion = good tibio-talar view.
109
Ankle Mortise ROI
1/3rd distal tib/fib, ankle joint, malleoli, talus, proximal metatarsals
110
Ankle Mortise Positioning
Malleoli in profile.
Tibiotalar joint open (dorsiflexion).
Medial and lateral mortise open, especially tibiofibular joint.
Calcaneus distal to lateral mortise.
111
Ankle Lateral ROI
1/3rd distal tib/fib, ankle joint, malleoli, talus, base of 5th MT
112
Ankle Lateral Positioning
Fibula over posterior half of tibia.
Talar domes superimposed.
Tibiotalar joint open.
5th MT tuberosity in profile.
90° flexion of foot.
