General

Question 0

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

Answer 0

They have the same number of electrons

Question 1

Define an isotope

Answer 1

Atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 2

What is meant by the term relative atomic mass?

Answer 2

The mean mass of an atom compared to the mass of another atom

Question 3

Explain why cracking is an important process in the oil industry

Answer 3

Longer chains are made into shorter more useful chains
Short chains burn more cleanly
Alkenes are produces and can make alcohol

Question 4

How does temperature change affect rate of reaction?

Answer 4

The time taken would decrease with higher temperatures
Particles have more energy (kinetic)
Diffuses faster

Question 5

Describe how a student can carry out a flame test?

Answer 5

Use a wire
Put the solid/solution over the flame
Make sure the flame is blue

Question 6

Name a material used for electrodes

Answer 6

Graphite

Question 7

State one major cost that makes extracting aluminium more expensive than extracting iron

Answer 7

Replacing the anodes

Question 8

Describe what is seen when a small piece of sodium is dropped in water

Answer 8

Fizzing
Floats top
Disappears

Question 9

Describe in terms of electrons what happens when sodium atoms react with oxygen atoms

Answer 9

Two Na atoms transfer one electron each to one oxygen atom making the Na positively charged.

Question 10

What colour flame does Lithium + turn?

Answer 10

Red

Question 11

What colour flame does sodium + turn?

Answer 11

Yellow

Question 12

What is the flame test for potassium +?

Answer 12

Lilac

Question 13

What is the flame test for calcium 2+?

Answer 13

Red/orange

Question 14

What is the test for ammonia?

Answer 14

Damp red litmus paper turns blue

Question 15

What is simple distillation used for?

Answer 15

To separate out solutions

Question 16

What is fractional distillation used for?

Answer 16

To separate a mixture of liquids

Question 17

How does chromatography separate mixtures?

Answer 17

Different dyes will move up the paper at different rates

The distance the dyes travel depends on the solvent and the paper you use

Question 18

Why would you use chromatography?

Answer 18

If you want to work out what dyes are present in an unknown substance

Question 19

What order does the periodic table go in?

Answer 19

In order of increasing atomic number

Question 20

What is the empirical formula of a compound?

Answer 20

The simplest formula that tells you the ratio of different elements in the compound

Question 21

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 21

The actual number of atoms of each element in a single molecule

Question 22

All solid salts consist of a lattice. What is water in a lattice called?

Answer 22

Water of crystallisation

Question 23

What is a solid salt containing water of crystallisation called?

Answer 23

Hydrated

Question 24

What is a salt that doesn't contain any water in a lattice?

Answer 24

Anhydrous

Question 25

In group 1, are elements more or less reactive as you go down?

Answer 25

More reactive

Question 26

Why do atoms lose electrons more easily as you go down group 1?

Answer 26

As you go down, the outer electron is further from the nucleus so there is less attraction between the nucleus and the electron

Question 27

What is the reaction like with lithium and water?

Answer 27

It moves slowly around the surface Fizzing Then disappears

Question 28

What is the reaction between potassium and water like?

Answer 28

Reacts vigorously and burns with a lilac flame | Sometimes explodes

Question 29

Why are noble gases inert?

Answer 29

They have a full outer shell so do not want to gain or lose electrons

Question 30

What does hydrogen chloride gas do in water?

Answer 30

It dissociates and produces H+ ions, so it's acidic

Question 31

What is the test for hydrochloric acid?

Answer 31

Blue litmus paper turns red/pink

Question 32

What % of nitrogen is there in the atmosphere?

Answer 32

78%

Question 33

What % of oxygen is there in the atmosphere?

Answer 33

21%

Question 34

What % of carbon dioxide is there in the atmosphere?

Answer 34

0.04%

Question 35

What is needed for rust to be formed?

Answer 35

When iron is in contact with oxygen and water

Question 36

What type of reaction is rusting?

Answer 36

Oxidation as it gains oxygen to form iron(III) oxide

Question 37

What are the 2 main ways to prevent rusting and how does it work?

Answer 37

Barrier method (paining or oiling) as it keeps away the oxygen and water Galvanising - sacrificial metal - zinc as it is more reactive and so zinc reacts with water and oxygen, and not iron

Question 38

What are the 2 uses of C02?

Answer 38

Fizzy drinks - C02 dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid Fire extinguishers - it's more dense than air so it sinks and stops the oxygen getting to the fire

Question 39

In sodium hydroxide test, what colour does copper turn?

Answer 39

Blue

Question 40

In sodium hydroxide test, iron (II) turns what colour?

Answer 40

Green

Question 41

What colour does iron (III) turn in a sodium hydroxide test?

Answer 41

Brown (rust)

Question 42

In a silver nitrate precipitation test, what colour does chlorine turn?

Answer 42

White

Question 43

In a silver nitrate precipitation, what colour does bromine turn?

Answer 43

Cream

Question 44

In a silver nitrate precipitation test, what colour does iodine turn?

Answer 44

Yellow

Question 45

What are the products of an incomplete combustion of an alkane?

Answer 45

Carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide an water

Question 46

What does the rate of reaction depend on? (4 things)

Answer 46

Temperature Concentration (or pressure for gases) Catalyst Size of particles (or surface area)

Question 47

What is the electrolyte used in industrial production of chlorine?

Answer 47

Brine

Question 48

What is an example of galvanising?

Answer 48

Pipes

Question 49

Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?

Answer 49

Electron

Question 50

Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of what?

Answer 50

Protons and electrons

Question 51

In chromatography, why should the water level be below the food dyes?

Answer 51

So they don't dissolve into it

Question 52

What is an element in group 7 that is a solid at room temperature?

Answer 52

Astatine/iodine

Question 53

As you go down group 7 do elements get more or less reactive?

Answer 53

Less reactive

Question 54

Why does solid lead (II) bromide not conduct electricity?

Answer 54

The ions cannot move in solids

Question 55

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of an alkane?

Answer 55

Alkane + oxygen ---> carbon dioxide + water

Question 56

What is the equation for the incomplete combustion of an alkane?

Answer 56

Alkane + oxygen ---> carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

Question 57

What must be present in the reaction between a halogen and an alkane?

Answer 57

UV light

Question 58

What is produced in the reaction between methane and bromine?

Answer 58

Bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

Question 59

What type of reaction is the reaction between methane and bromine?

Answer 59

Substitution

Question 60

What is a property of helium that makes it better at filling balloons than hydrogen?

Answer 60

It's not flammable

Question 61

What does volatile mean?

Answer 61

How easily something catches fire

Question 62

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

Answer 62

They have the same number of outer shell electrons

Question 63

Define the term covalent bond?

Answer 63

Attraction between a shared pair of electrons and protons in the nuclei