general

Question 1

what is a z score?

Answer 1

tells us how many sd from the mean the score falls

Question 2

what is type 1 error?

Answer 2

saying there is a difference when one doesnt exist

Question 3

if CI overlap for two sets of data what does this imply?

Answer 3

we do not expect to see a statistically significant difference between the data

Question 4

4 assumptions for parametric stat analysis

Answer 4

ratio or interval measurements, equality of variance, normal distribution, n>30

Question 5

why is coefficient of variance useful?

Answer 5

it removes units and allows values to be compared fairly

Question 6

what stat operation would we use to test for equality of variance?

Answer 6

levenes test, we want a value larger than .05 to assume equality of variance and continue with calculations

Question 7

what stat operation would we use to test for normal distribution?

Answer 7

vodka test

Question 8

if the CI for the true difference between means includes zero than _______

Answer 8

you cannot be confident that there is a true difference between the means

Question 9

when calculating the U value for the Mann Whitney U test, there will be two values calculated, which one do you use?

Answer 9

the smaller U

Question 10

how do we calc DF for a kruskall wallace ANOVA?

Answer 10

of groups - 1

Question 11

for the signs ranked test what is the critical value and what must happen with the calculated value to reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 11

the critical value is .05, if the calculated value is higher than .05 fail to reject the null hypothesis

Question 12

in which two tests do you want the calculated value to be smaller than the critical value to reject null hypothesis?

Answer 12

mann whitney U test, wilcoxon signed ranks test

Question 13

in which nonparametric test do you rank data across the tables? —————->

Answer 13

friedman ANOVA, (one way repeated measures ANOVA non parametric operation)

Question 14

how do we calc DF for a friedman ANOVA?

Answer 14

k-1, where k is the number of experimental conditions

Question 15

how do we analyze nominal data?

Answer 15

use a 2x2 contingency table

Question 16

what is ICC 1 useful for?

Answer 16

test retest reliability

Question 17

what is ICC 2 useful for?

Answer 17

Inter-rater reliability, reliability of clinical tool

Question 18

what is ICC 3 useful for?

Answer 18

intra-rater reliability, establishes reliability between trials and raters

Question 19

what is a strong/good ICC output number from SPSS

Answer 19

above .80

Question 20

what is a Kappa used for?

Answer 20

it accounts for chance agreements

Question 21

what is a weighted kappa used for?

Answer 21

will address the varying levels of disagreement, more serious disagreements are weighed more heavily, less seriously are weighed less heavily

Question 22

what type of data is ICC used with?

Answer 22

ratio/interval

Question 23

what type of data is kappa, wieghted kappa, and percent agreement used with?

Answer 23

nominal data

Question 24

how do we calc DF for pearson r?

Answer 24

of data pairs - 2

Question 25

correlation is very _______ by sample size. A ______ sample size can result in a type ________ error.

Answer 25

skewed, small, two

Question 26

4 pre requisites for causality

Answer 26

biologically plausible, logical time sequence, dose-response relationship, consistency of findings across several studies

Question 27

for Spearman R the df of regression always equals ____

Answer 27

one

Question 28

for spearman R the df of residual equals ____

Answer 28

N-2

Question 29

y=a+bx what do the values in this formula represent?

Answer 29

a= constant
b=slope
x=value from a
y=value b to be calculated

Question 30

when do you use spearman rho

Answer 30

if any of the data is ordinal

Question 31

what is an assumption for an ANCOVA?

Answer 31

linear relationship between covariate and DV

Question 32

more power means you will be ______ likely to make a type 2 error

Answer 32

less

Question 33

factors effecting power

Answer 33

significance criterion, variance in the data, effect size, sample size

Question 34

can we adjust the factors that affect power?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

as type i error ______ type 2 error _______

Answer 35

decreases, increases

Question 36

what does effect size measure?

Answer 36

the degree to which the null hypothesis is false

Question 37

when must you determine sample size?

Answer 37

a priori

Question 38

If you do not know effect size what can you do to find a figure to use for estimating sample size?

Answer 38

guess, estimate from literature, pilot study, determine what would be a clinically meaningful difference and base numbers on that value

Question 39

what is a large effect size index for ANOVA?

Answer 39

.50

Question 40

what is a large effect size index for t tests?

Answer 40

.80