General

Question 1

What is size of the PNVS and TADS FOV?

Answer 1

30 - 40 degrees

Question 2

What is the PNVS azimuth and elevation limits?

Answer 2

+20 up, -45 down, 90 left and right of centerline

Question 3

what is the TADS azimuth and elevation limits?

Answer 3

+30 up, -60 down, 120 left and right of the center line

Question 4

What is considered to be NVD/S current?

Answer 4

To be considered NVD current, every 60 consecutive days an aviator must take part in at least a one-hour flight in the aircraft while operating an NVD..

Question 5

What happens if a pilot fails to maintain NVS/NVD currency?

Answer 5

A crewmember whose currency has lapsed must complete a proficiency flight evaluation given in the aircraft by an IP/SP

Question 6

What is the difference between a NVD and NVS?

Answer 6

NVS is a part of the aircraft

NVD is a separate system from the aircraft

Question 7

Can I reset NVS currency in the LCT?

Answer 7

yes but I can only do it once every 120 days

Question 8

What are the Monocular Cues?

Answer 8

GRAM
Geometric Perspective 
Retinal Image Size 
Aerial Perspective 
Motion Parallax

Question 9

Define Geometric Perspective

Answer 9

An object appears to have a different shape when it is viewed at varying distances and from different angles.

Question 10

Define Retinal Image Size

Answer 10

An image focused on the retina is perceived by the brain to be of a given size.

Question 11

Define Aerial Perspective

Answer 11

An object’s clarity and its shadow are perceived by the brain and cues for estimating distance

Question 12

Define Motion Parallax

Answer 12

Motion parallax refers to the apparent relative motion of stationary objects as viewed by an observer moving across the landscape.

Question 13

How do you use Geometric Perspective (LAV)?

Answer 13

Linear Perspective
Apparent Foreshortening
Vertical Position in the Field

Question 14

How do you use Retinal Image Size( KITO)?

Answer 14

Known size of objects
Increasing/Decreasing Size
Terrestrial Association
Overlapping Contours

Question 15

how do you use Aerial Perspective (FLP)?

Answer 15

Fading of Colors or Shades
Loss of Detail
Position of Light Source

Question 16

What are the Visual Illusions?

Answer 16

Flicker Vertigo 
False Horizon 
Fascination/Fixation 
Reversible Perspective 
Altered Planes of Reference 
Structural Illusion 
Height/Depth 
Confusion w/ Ground Lights 
Size/Distance 
Autokensis
Relative Motion

Question 17

What is Flicker Vertigo?

Answer 17

Flicker vertigo is created by helicopter rotor blades or airplane propellers interrupting direct sunlight at a rate of 4 to 20 cycles per second

Question 18

What is a False Horizon ?

Answer 18

Pilot confuses cloud formations with the horizon or ground

Question 19

What is Fascination/Fixation ?

Answer 19

Either focused inside the cockpit (task saturation) or focused outside (target fixation) Crater Illusion - Crewmembers land at night under night vision device (NVD) conditions and the infrared searchlight is directed too far under the aircraft’s nose. Appears to land in crater.

Question 20

What is Reversible Perspective ?

Answer 20

Crewmember perceives another aircraft to be moving away as it is actually approaching.

Question 21

what is Altered Planes of Reference ?

Answer 21

Pilot approaching a line of mountains might feel the need to climb even though the aircraft’s altitude is adequate.

Question 22

what is a Structural Illusion ?

Answer 22

caused by the effects of rain, snow, sleet, heat waves, or other visual obscurants

Question 23

What is a Height/Depth illusion?

Answer 23

Flying over areas such as desert, snow, or water deprives crewmembers their perception of height. Confusion w/ Ground Lights - Occurs when a pilot mistakes ground lights for celestial lights

Question 24

what is a Size/Distance illusion?

Answer 24

Crewmember misinterprets an unfamiliar object’s size to be the same as an object they are accustomed to viewing

Question 25

What is Autokensis?

Answer 25

Pilot flying at night might perceive a relatively stable lead aircraft to be moving erratically when its not

Question 26

What is Relative Motion ?

Answer 26

Relative motion is falsely perceived self-motion in relation to another object’s motion

Question 27

Define Spatial Disorientation

Answer 27

Inability to determine his position, attitude, motion relative to the Earth’s surface

Question 28

How many types of Spatial Disorientation are there?

Answer 28

``` Type 1 ( Unrecognized)(most dangerous) Type 2 (Recognized) Type 3 (Incapacitating) ```

Question 29

Describe Type 1 spatial D?

Answer 29

Type I (Unrecognized) – Aviator doesn’t think anything is wrong. (Most Dangerous) Type

Question 30

Describe Type 2 Spatial D?

Answer 30

Type 2 (Recognized) – Knows there is a problem but doesn’t know its Spatial D.

Question 31

Describe Type 3 Spatial D?

Answer 31

Type 3 (Incapacitating) – Overwhelming sensation of movement and can’t correct through visual cues/instruments.

Question 32

What is involve with Equilibrium Maintenance ?

Answer 32

``` Proprioceptive System (seat of your pants) Vestibular System( Otolith/Semicircular canals) Visual( 80% of equilibrium) ```

Question 33

What are the two Vestibular Illusions ?

Answer 33

Somatogyral | Somatogravic

Question 34

Describe a Somatogyral illusion?

Answer 34

occur when angular acceleration and deceleration stimulates the semicircular canals

Question 35

What are the three Somatogyral Illusions?

Answer 35

Leans Graveyard Spin Coriolis Illusion

Question 36

Describe "the Leans"..

Answer 36

pilot fails to perceive angular motion.

Question 37

Describe the "Graveyard Spin"...

Answer 37

if a pilot enters a spin and remains in it for several seconds, the semicircular canals will reach equilibrium and no motion will be perceive

Question 38

Describe the Coriolis Illusion?

Answer 38

Coriolis illusions are the most dangerous of all vestibular illusions and cause overwhelming disorientation.