General

Question 1

Class?

Answer 1

Gammaproteobacteria

Question 2

Genus?

Answer 2

Psuedomonas

Question 3

Gram?

Answer 3

Negative

Question 4

Motile?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Shape?

Answer 5

Rod shaped

Question 6

Primary habitat?

Answer 6

Primary habitat is the environment (soil, water, vegetation) with a preference to moist environment

Question 7

How is it able to grow in low nutrient availability?

Answer 7

Can use ammonium and carbon dioxide as nitrogen and carbon sources

Question 8

Can grow at a broad temperature range?

Answer 8

20-42 oC

Question 9

Can grow anaerobically when it uses what as an electron acceptor?

Answer 9

Either nitrate or nitrite

Question 10

What type of pathogen is it?

Answer 10

It is an opportunistic pathogen

Question 11

Most infections are?

Answer 11

Nosocomial

Question 12

Can form biofilms on medical equipment including?

Answer 12

Intravenous vein catheters
Urinary catheters
Ventilation devices

Question 13

Psuedomonas aeruginosa is rarely pathogenic in?

Answer 13

Healthy individuals

Question 14

What size is the genome?

Answer 14

5.5-7 Mb

Question 15

What is the genome size of E.coli?

Answer 15

4.6Mb

Question 16

Psuedomonas aeruginosa can grow where?

Answer 16

The environment and inside our bodies

Question 17

What gives Pseudomonas aeruginosa the capacity to be so versatile?

Answer 17

• Has a large genome encoding multiple genes. Its genome is 5.5-7Mb which is much larger than that of E.coli (4.6Mb). It allows it to turn on different genes in different environments as required.
• It has a high metabolic diversity
• 8% of the genome comprises regulatory genes which are responsible for encoding products that can regulate the expression of multiple genes

Question 18

Is it motile?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What are the different types of motility?

Answer 19

Swarming
Twitching
Swimming

Question 20

Which motility is used in liquid environments?

Answer 20

Swimming

Question 21

Which motility is used in semi-solid environments?

Answer 21

Swarming

Question 22

Which motility is used on solid surfaces?

Answer 22

Twitching

Question 23

When does swarming occur?

Answer 23

When there is low nutrient availability- local starvation

In response to certain amino acids

Question 24

Swimming requires what?

Answer 24

Flagella

Question 25

Swarming requires what?

Answer 25

Flagella- often hyperflagellated phenotype | Rhamnolipids

Question 26

Twitching is performed using?

Answer 26

Type IV pili

Question 27

Why are rhamnolipids required for swarming motiltiy?

Answer 27

They are postulated to lower the surface tension of the surface through their surfactant properties, allowing the bacterial cell to swarm

Question 28

What is the function of rhamnolipids in swarming motility?

Answer 28

To lower the surface tension of the surface through their surfactant properties, allowing the bacterial cell to swarm

Question 29

What pattern does swarming motility achieve?

Answer 29

Dendritic-like patterns

Question 30

Psuedomonas aeruginosa produces two soluble pigments?

Answer 30

Pyocyanin and pyoverdine

Question 31

Pyocyanin is what colour?

Answer 31

Blue

Question 32

Pyoverdine is what colour?

Answer 32

Green

Question 33

What is pyocyanin?

Answer 33

It is a blue redox-active secondary metabolite

Question 34

What does pyocyanin do?

Answer 34

It can divert the electron flow and increase intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species e.g. H2O2. Causes damage to eukaryotic cells

Question 35

What is pyoverdine?

Answer 35

It is a siderophore

Question 36

What is pyocyanin?

Answer 36

It is a redox-active secondary metabolite

Question 37

What is the precursor to pyocyanin?

Answer 37

Chorismic acid

Question 38

What encodes pyocyanin?

Answer 38

Two sets of almost identical genes

Question 39

Chorismic acid is converted into?

Answer 39

phenazine-1-carboxylic acid

Question 40

Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid can be converted to pyocyanin via?

Answer 40

PhzM and PhzS

Question 41

Pyoverdine is a?

Answer 41

Siderophore

Question 42

The main function of pyoverdine as a siderophore is to?

Answer 42

Chelate iron- Fe3+ ions

Question 43

How is ferripyoverdine transported back into the bacteria?

Answer 43

Outer membrane receptor FpvA

Question 44

What is FpvA?

Answer 44

It is an outer membrane receptor

Question 45

FpvA binds to?

Answer 45

Ferripyoveridine complex

Question 46

Pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake by the FpvA receptor in the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is dependent on the inner membrane protein?

Answer 46

TonB

Question 47

What is TonB?

Answer 47

An inner membrane protein

Question 48

When ferripyoveridine binds the FpvA receptor what happens?

Answer 48

There is a conformational change which is generated by the interaction of TonB and FpvA. The conformational change opens up the receptor and allows the ferripyoverdine complex to enter