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MRCS A > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure monitor

A

Normal 8-12

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2
Q

PAOP <5

A

Hypovolemia

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3
Q

POAP low with pulmonary oedema

A

ARDS

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4
Q

POAP high

A

Overlap

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5
Q

Lloyd-Davies position risk

A

Risk of perineal neuroptaxia

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6
Q

Desmoid tumours

A

Proliferation of myofibroblasts
15% familial adenomatous polyposis colic
Bi allelic APC mutations

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7
Q

MAP

A

Diastolic pressure +0.333( systolic pressure-diastolic pressure)

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8
Q

CCP

A

MAP-intracranial pressure

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9
Q

Kartagener syndrome

A

Immobile cilia syndrome+ situa inversus

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10
Q

Pierre robin syndrome

A

Smaller jaw+ tongue that falls back in the throat

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11
Q

Gardner’s Syndrome

A 
AD
Colonic polyps
Supernumerary teeth
Jaw osteomas
Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment
Osteomas of the skull
Thyroid cancer 
Epidermoid cysts
Fibromes
Sebaceous cysts
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12
Q

HIV +diarrhoea. Organisms

A

Cryptosporidium
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter

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13
Q

Anesthetic agent with anti-enticing properties

A

Propofol

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14
Q

Takyasu’s arteritis

A 
Inflammatory, obliterating arteritis affecting Ao and branches
Females>Males
Upper limb claudication 
Diminished absent pulse
ESR often affected in acute phases
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15
Q

Buergers disease

A

Segmental thrombotic occlusions of the small and medium sized lower limb vessel
Commonest in young male smokers
Proximal pulses usually present, but pedal pulses are often lost
Hypercellular occlusive thrombus is often present
Corcskrew shaped collateral vessels may be seen

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16
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

Large and medium sized vessels
Female>males
Temporal arteritis is commonest type
Granulomatous lesions may be seen on biopsy

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17
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

Systemic necrotising vasculitis affecting small medium sized muscular arteries
Most common in pop with high prevalence of hep B
Renal disease is seen in 70% cases
Angiography May show saccular or fusiforme aneurysm and arterial stenoses

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18
Q

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

A

Chronic itchy clusters of blisters

Linked to underlying gluten enteropathy

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19
Q

Raised intracranial pressure

A

Cushing response
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Resp dépression

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20
Q

Local anesthetic for Biers Block

A

Prilocaine

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21
Q

Addison in crisis

A

Hyponatraemia
Hyperkalaemia
Hypoglycemia

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22
Q

Colon cancer- septic- barcteria

A

Streptococcus bovis

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23
Q

Upper limp arterial disease

A

Embolie events
Stenotic lesions
Inflammatory disorders
Venous disease

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24
Q

Lower border of Cricoid cartilage

A

Junction of larynx with trachea
Junction if Pharynx and oesophagus
Level at which the inferior thyroid artery enters the thyroid gland
The level at which the vertebral artery enters the transverse foramen in the 6th cervical vertebra
Superior belly of omohyoid crosses the carotid sheath
The level of middle cervical sympathetic ganglion
The level at which carotid artery can be compressed against C6

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25
Glioblastoma
Right frontal lobe-> midline Central necrosis DD cerebral abscess
26
When is contraindicated to have cell salvage
In infection and malignancy
27
Gynaecomastia
``` Metoclopromide Ectopic oestrogen Trauma skull/ tumour breast; testes Orchitis Cimetidine, Cushings Liver cirrhosis Obesity Paraplegia RA Acromegaly Methyldopa Isoniazid Digoxin Ethionamide ```
28
Where is Iron absorbed
Duodenum and jéjunum
29
Glucagonoma
Alfa cells of the pancreas | Diarrhoea, weight loss, necrolytic migratory erythema
30
Hpv 16/18 cancer
Anal, penile, vulval, cervical, oropharyngeal
31
Hadsfield procedure
Disconnect and remove the major nipple ducts
32
Falsely raised 5-HIAA
Spinach, cheese, wine, caffeine, tomatoes Naproxen, MAOi Recent surgery
33
Anatomical dead space increase
Standing Increase size if a person Increased lung volume Drugs causing bronchodilatation eg Adrenaline Increase in ventilation/perfusion mismatch
34
Genes protects against neoplasms
P53
35
Intimate relation for middle meningeal artery
Auto côté portal nerve
36
Half life of PTH
10 min
37
Drugs in MRSA
``` Vancomycin Teicoplanin Others: Rifampicin Macrolides Tetracycline Aminoglycosides Clindamycin ```
38
Colon transverse herniated
Morgani
39
Painful third palsy
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
40
Superior quadranopia
Temporal lobe
41
Inferior quadranopia
Parietal lobe
42
Factors reducing renin secretion
Beta blockers | NSAIDS
43
Which steroid is not affecting cortisol level
Dex
44
Upper airway obstruction test
Flow volume loop
45
Most common bacteria found in peritoneal infection
Bacteroides- anaerobic, pus, pungent aroma
46
Medication for acute systolic reaction
Benzhexol, procuclidine
47
Common bacteria in gangrene
Clostridium
48
Less common causes of HyperCa
``` Sarcoidosis Thiazides, lithium Immobilisation Paget a disease Vitamin A/D Thyrotoxicosis MEN Milk alkali syndrome ```
49
Changes in arterioles with malignant hypertension
Fibrinoid necrosis
50
VWF clotting factor
VIII
51
Intrinsic pathway
``` Minor role in clotting Subendothelial damage Formation of pe I’m art complex on collagen by high molecular weight kininogen, prekalikrein and F12 Prekalikrein-> kalikrein-> activates F12 F12->F11 F11-> F9+F8a-> F10 ```
52
Extrinsic pathway
Tissue d’amante F7 binds to tissue factor-> F9 F9+F8-> F10
53
Von Willebrands bleedin treatment
Desmopresin- Tyoe 1, type 2a CI type 2B
54
Fournier gangrene pathogens
E. coli, bacteroides
55
Vinyl chloride tumour
Angiosarcoma of the liver
56
Hamartoma elements
Connective tissue Mature cartilage Ciliates epithelium
57
Lateral medullary syndrome (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)
Wallenberg's syndrome Ipsilateral: ataxia, nystagmus, dysphagia, facial numbness, cranial nerve palsy Contralateral: limb sensory loss
58
Increase functional residual capacity
Erect position Emphysema Asthma
59
Achalasia symptoms- microorganisms
Trypanosome cruzi
60
Dercum disease
Adiposes dolorosa
61
Which laxative stimulates the bowel directly
Senna
62
Pseudogout risk factors
``` hyperparathyroidism hypothyroidism haemochromatosis acromegaly low magnesium, low phosphate Wilson's disease ```
63
Major iron deposit
Hb
64
Large transfusion relation with oxygen
Stored blood has less 2,3 DPG and therefore has a higher affinity for oxygen, this reduces its ability to release it at metabolising tissues.
65
Growth of transected peripheral nerve
1 mm/day When neural transaction is associated with widespread soft tissue damage and hemorrhage (with increased probability of infection), many surgeons choose to delay reapproximation of the severed nerve end for 3 to 4 weeks.
66
Renal mets
Hyper vascular
67
Bainbridge reflex
The Bainbridge reflex is the increase in heart rate mediated via atrial stretch receptors that occurs following a rapid infusion of blood. Note the question asks which will not occur and that is why it is A and not the other options.
68
Difference between dermoid vs desmoid
Sermons cyst -embryological remnants -lines by hair and squamous epithelium Dumbbell shape- in the midline Desmond- ligaments and tendon- aggressive fibromatosis and consist of fibroblast lesions
69
Toxicity ciclosporin
Nephrotoxicity
70
Toxicity azarhiprine
Myelosupression Alopecia Nausea
71
Tacrolimus toxicity
Diabetes

MRCS A (16 decks)

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