Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FPT > General Anaesthetics > Flashcards

General Anaesthetics Flashcards

(103 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

agents that bring about reversible loss of all sensations and consciousness

A

general anesthetics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

list the 5 primary effects that characterizes the neurophysiological state produced by GA?

A

1- unconsciousness.
2- amnesia.
3- analgesia.
4- inhibition of autonomic reflexes.
5- skeletal muscle relaxant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which type of anesthesia is generally used to minimize side effects?

A

balanced anesthesia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the types of drugs that are involved in balanced anesthesia?

A

inhaled anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, opioids, neuromuscular blocking drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the practice of clinical anesthesia requires integrating _________ and ____________ of each individual patient.

A

pharmacology of GA, and the pathophysiological state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the choice of anesthetic agent depends on what?

A

1- status of organ systems.
2- concomitant use of drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list the 3 classification of general anesthetics?

A

1- inhalational agents.
2- intravenous anesthetics.
3- dissociative anesthetics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list the 2 types of inhalation agents?

A

1- gas.
2- liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give an example of a gas inhalation agent?

A

nitrous oxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give examples of liquid inhalation agents?

A

1- halothane.
2- methoxyflurane.
3- desflurane.
4- isoflurane.
5- enflurane.
6- xenon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list the 3 types of intravenous anesthetics?

A

1- barbiturates.
2- non-barbiturate.
3- benzodiazepines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give examples of intravenous anesthetics barbiturates?

A

1- thiopentone.
2- methohexitone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give examples of intravenous anesthetic non-barbiturates?

A

propofol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

give example of intravenous anesthetic benzodiazepines?

A

1- diazepam.
2- lorazepam.
3- midazolam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

give an example of dissociative anesthetics?

A

ketamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

list the 4 states of general anesthesia?

A

1- pre-anaesthetic medication.
2- induction.
3- maintenance.
4- recovery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

general anesthesia is a reversible state of _______.

A

CNS depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give examples of pre anesthetic medication?

A

benzodiazepines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give example of induction drugs?

A

thiopental, and propofol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

give an example of agents used in maintance?

A

inhaled or IV agents or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

give an example of agents used in maintenance?

A

inhaled or IV agents or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the depth of anesthesia has four sequential stages, list them?

A

1- stage 1: analgesia.
2- stage 2: excitement.
3- stage 3: surgical anesthesia.
4- stage 4: medullary paralysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens in stage 1 (analgesia) of anesthesia?

A

loss of pain sensation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what happens in stage 2 (excitement) of anesthesia?

A
  • patient displays delirium.
  • rise and irregularity in BP and respiration.
  • rapid acting IV agents shorten this stage.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what happens in stage 3 (surgical anesthesia) of anesthesia?
- regular respiration and skeletal muscle relaxation with loss of spontaneous movement.
26
what happens in stage 4 (medullary paralysis) of anesthesia?
severe depression of respiratory and vasomotor centers occurs.
27
what stage of anesthesia is the ideal stage for surgery?
stage 3 (surgical anesthesia).
28
the minimum concentration of an inhalation agent required in the alveoli to produce unresponsiveness to the skin incision in 50% patients?
minimum alveolar concentration (MAC).
29
MAC is a measure of ______ of an agent?
potency.
30
greater is the MAC, _______ is the potency.
lesser
31
which drug has maximum MAC, thus least potency?
nitrous oxide.
32
which drug is the most potent, having the least MAC?
methoxyflurane.
33
Blood gas partition coefficient is determined by?
the solubility of an agent in blood
34
Blood gas partition coefficient determines what?
the speed of onset and recovery
35
Greater is the blood gas partition coefficient, _______ is the speed of onset
lesser
36
which drug is the fastest acting agent as it has minimum blood gas partition coefficient?
xenon.
37
which drug is the slowest acting agent (maximum blood gas partition coefficient)
Methoxyflurane
38
All inhalational agents result in what in the respiratory system?
respiratory depression
39
which inhalation agent causes respiratory depression?
Enflurane
40
Inhalation agents effects in the respiratory system: Blunt ventilatory response to?
hypercapnia and hypoxia
41
Blunt ventilatory response to hypercapnia and hypoxia is seen most with which inhalation agent?
halothane.
42
All inhalational agents cause what?
bronchodilation
43
All inhalational agents cause bronchodilation, seen the most with which drugs?
halothane in asthmatics and with sevoflurane in non-asthmatics.
44
list the systemic effects of inhalation agents on the CVS?
1- Reduce cardiac output. 2- Reduce BP. 3- Baroreceptor reflexes are blunted.
45
which inhalation agents do NOT reduce cardiac output?
isoflurane and desflurane.
46
which inhalation agents show max decrease in BP?
Isoflurane.
47
which inhalation agent increases BP?
cyclopropane.
48
which inhalation agent is used for producing controlled hypotension?
isoflurane.
49
which inhalation agent is used for patients with shock?
cyclopropane.
50
which inhalation agent does NOT blunt baroreceptor reflexes?
isoflurane.
51
which inhalation agent is used in cardiac patients?
isoflurane.
52
which inhalation agents may result in hepatotoxicity?
halothane, chloroform, and methoxyflurane.
53
which drug can result in vasopressin resistant polyuric renal failure?
Methoxyflurane
54
which drug is added to decrease renal inflammability with methoxyflurane?
fluoride.
55
which drug can cause megaloblastic anemia?
nitrous oxide.
56
all inhalation drugs are good muscle relaxants except?
nitrous oxide.
57
max effect of muscle relaxation with which drug?
ether.
58
max analgesia is cause by which drug?
trilene.
59
ether is also a good _____ agent
analgesic.
60
which drug is also called laughing gas?
nitrous oxide.
61
nitrous oxide is a _____ analgesic agent but _____ anaesthetic.
good analgesic. poor anaesthetic.
62
which drug has highest MAC?
nitrous oxide.
63
nitrous oxide is a _____ muscle relaxant.
poor.
64
nitrous oxide shows ________ induction and recovery of anesthesia
fast.
65
nitrous oxide is used in a concentration of ______% with ____% ____.
50-60% with 33% oxygen.
66
________ is a mixture of 50% N2O + 50% O2.
entonox.
67
what can occur when supply of N20 is stopped while recovery from anaesthesia?
Diffusion hypoxia
68
how can we prevent Diffusion hypoxia?
by 100% oxygen for a few minutes before stopping N20
69
which drug comes in a blue cylinder?
nitrous oxide.
70
which drug comes in amber colored bottles?
Halothane.
71
which drug contains thymol as preservative?
Halothane.
72
halothane is a _____ anaesthetic but very _____ analgesic agent
good anesthetic. poor analgesic.
73
halothane relaxes which organ?
uterus.
74
halothane is used for what?
internal version and manual removal of placenta
75
what is halothane contradicted in and why?
Contraindicated in labour: risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
76
halothane is agent of choice in what?
bronchial asthma.
77
why is halothane agent of choice in bronchial asthma?
has bronchodilator action.
78
halothane is agent of induction in which age group?
children.
79
list the properties of halothane?
* H- Hyperthermia (malignant hyperthermia) * A- Arrhythmias (sensitizes the heart to adrenaline) * L- Liver toxic * O- Orthostatic hypotension * T- Tocolytic * H- Heart (inhibits heart > decreases cardiac output) * A- Asthma (bronchodilator) * N * E- Non-Explosive * C- Chills (post-anesthetic shivering) * C- Catecholamines (sensitizes the heart to arrhythmogenic action) * C- Children (safe in children)
80
isoflurane is _______ analgesic agent.
not a good.
81
cardiac output is maintained with which drug?
isoflurane.
82
which drug is the agent of choice for cardiac surgery?
isoflurane.
83
which drug produces the least increase in intracranial pressure?
isoflurane.
84
which drug is the agent of choice in neurosurgery?
isoflurane.
85
which drug produces max decrease in BP?
isoflurane.
86
which drug is the agent for producing controlled hypotension?
isoflurane.
87
which inhalation agent can be used in day care surgery?
isoflurane.
88
which drug is safe in pheochromocytoma?
isoflurane.
89
which drug is inflammable and explosive agent?
ether
90
which drug is the safest agent in unskilled hands?
ether
91
which drug is the agent of choice for induction in children?
sevoflurane.
92
which drug produces a nephrotoxic metabolite, Compound A: do not use in closed circuit?
sevoflurane.
93
which drug is the most potent analgesic agent: used for analgesia in labour?
Trielene
94
which drug is the inhalational agent of choice in hemorrhagic shock (increases BP by increasing sympathetic tone)?
Cyclopropane
95
which drug is very close to an ‘ideal inhalational anaesthetic’?
xenon.
96
which drug Does not cause respiratory or cardiovascular depression?
xenon.
97
which drug is Not metabolised in the body?
xenon.
98
which drug is Stable in storage and has no interaction with anesthesia circuit or soda lime?
xenon.
99
which type of anesthetics are Used for rapid induction of anaesthesia?
Intravenous anesthetics
100
which type of anesthetics Provide sedation during Monitored Anaesthesia Care?
Intravenous anesthetics
101
which type of anesthetics are Used as sedative in ICU settings?
Intravenous anesthetics
102
which type of anesthetics Can also be used for maintenance of anaesthesia?
Intravenous anesthetics
103
which IV agent can be used for maintenance of anesthesia?
propofol

FPT (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions