General anatomy- cardiovascular

Question 1

where does the heart start to develop and in which week

Answer 1

develops in mesoderm in cephalic region in 3rd week

Question 2

how does the heart tube develop

Answer 2

endocardial tubes fuse and form primitive heart tube which folds on itself to form three diabalations- atrial, ventricular and bulbs cordis

Question 3

what is formed on the pro an distal end of the heart tube

Answer 3

prox- sinus venous

distal- truncus arteriosus

Question 4

what happens in the 5th week of development

Answer 4

atrial dilation is divided by septum premium

Question 5

what is the 2nd septum that appears in the upper part of the septum premum and what does it turn into

Answer 5

the septum secundum (it is incomplete inf and remains as lambus of fossa ovalis

Question 6

what does the truncates arterioles turn into and at which week?

Answer 6

divided into the aortic and pulmonary in the 7th and 8th weeks

Question 7

what is the ductus arteriousis

Answer 7

in the fetus that allows oxygenated blood to be shunted from left pulmonary artery to arch of the aorta (closed after birth to become ligaments arteriosum)

Question 8

what is the mc congenital heart disease

Answer 8

ventricular septal defect

Question 9

what is the mc congenital cyanotic heart disease

Answer 9

fallots tetralogy

Question 10

what is fallows tetralogy

Answer 10

• pulmonary stenosis
• ventricular septal defect
• r ventricular hypertrophy
• overriding dextraposition of the aorta

Question 11

what are the acyanotic congenital heart diseases (3) left to right shunts

Answer 11

atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
persistent ductus arteriosius

Question 12

what is the rough and smooth part of the right atrium from

Answer 12

Rough part from true atrium
smooth part from sinus venous

(separated by crista terminalis)

Question 13

what is the the reminds or the septum premum and septum secundum

Answer 13

primum- foramen ovalis

secundum- limbus of the fossa ovalis

Question 14

where is the coronary sinus located

Answer 14

above tricuspid valve in r atrium

Question 15

how much venous blood drains in coronary sinus

Answer 15

60-70%

Question 16

What openings does the left atrium have

Answer 16

4 pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs

Question 17

what fleshy parts are in the right ventricle

Answer 17

several fleshy trabevulae farnese and papillary mm

Question 18

surface markings of heart valve sounds- aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral

Answer 18

aortic- 2nd right intercostal space
pulmonary- 2nd left intercostal space
tricuspid- 4th left intercostal space
mitral- 5th left intercostal space

Question 19

what two arteries is the heart supplied by

Answer 19

Right and left coronary artery from the ascending part of the aorta

Question 20

branches of the R coronary artery (4)

Answer 20

• sinuatrial
• right marginal
• post interventricular
• atrioventricular

Question 21

Distribution of the r coronary artery (6)

Answer 21

• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• 30% of left atrium
• SA node
• AV node
• post 1/3 of intraverntricular septum

Question 22

Brancehs of the left coronary artery (3)

Answer 22

circumflex
ant inter ventricular
left marginal

Question 23

Distribution of the left coronary aa

Answer 23

• Left ventricle
• 70% of the left atrium
• ant 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum

Question 24

what veins drain into the coronary sinus

Answer 24

great cardiac
small cardiac
middle cardiac
oblique cardiac

Question 25

other than the coronary sinus where does the other blood from the heart drain

Answer 25

anterior cardiac vein which opens into r atrium | smaller venue cross minimize

Question 26

SA node inervation

Answer 26

cardiac plexuses with sympathetic fibres from T1-5 and parasympathetic from CN10

Question 27

what are the two parts of the cardiac plexus and where are they located

Answer 27

deep + superficial deep= behind arch of the aorta superficial= below the arch

Question 28

superficial part of the cardiac plexus receives inn from (2)

Answer 28

- sup cervical sympathetic ganglion | - inf cardiac branch of the vagus

Question 29

Deep part of the cardiac plexus receives branches/inn from what

Answer 29

Sup/middle/inf cervical sympathetic plexus superior and inferior cardiac branches of the vagus recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 30

branches of the thoracic aorta (7)

Answer 30

``` right and left coronary aa (from ascending) Brachiocephalic trunk (from arch) left common carotid left subclavian 3rd-11th post intercostals bronchial esophageal ```

Question 31

Branches of the abdominal aorta (4 paired visceral, 4 paired parietal, 4 unpaired visceral)

Answer 31

4 paired visceral - inf phrenic - middle adrenal - renal - gonadal 4 paired parietal -1-4th lumbar aa 4 unpaired visceral - celiac trunk - sup mesenteric - inf mesenteric - median sacral

Question 32

where does the aorta end inf

Answer 32

@ L4 by bifurcating into: - Common iliac aa which then divide into - -internal and external iliac aa

Question 33

branches of the internal iliac aa (9 branches)

Answer 33

'Some Inherit Money, Others Inherit Insanity, Usually. Isn’t Life Silly’ ``` Superior vesical inferior vesical middle rectal obturator inferior gluteal internal pudendal (Uterine + vaginal in females) ```

Question 34

Branches of post div of internal iliac

Answer 34

‘Isn’t Life Silly’ Iliolumbar lateral sacral superior gluteal

Question 35

External iliac artery branches (3)

Answer 35

Cremasteric aa inf epigastic aa deep circumflex aa

Question 36

femoral artery branches beyond inguinal lig (4)

Answer 36

superficial external pudendal deep external pudendal superficial circumflex iliac deep femoral with its medial and lat circumflex branches

Question 37

path of femoral aa

Answer 37

passes thru adductor canal to become popliteal artery

Question 38

branches of the popliteal aa

Answer 38

medial and lat sup | middle, med and lateral inferior genicular aa

Question 39

What does the popliteal aa split into

Answer 39

post and ant tibial aa

Question 40

path and branches of post tibial aa

Answer 40

``` branches: post medial malleolar muscular peroneal or fibular nutrient to tibia ``` terminal branches: medial and lateral plantar

Question 41

anterior tibial aa branches and terminal branch

Answer 41

recurrent genicualr anterior medial lateral malleolar Terminal: dorsalis pedis artery (gives off accurate aa to supply dorsum)

Question 42

what does the dorsalis pedis aa join with and what does it form

Answer 42

joins lateral plantar branch of post rib aa to form plantar arch

Question 43

where does the right and left subclavian aa come off of

Answer 43

left comes straight off arch | right comes off brachiocephalic trunk

Question 44

main branches of the subclavian aa (4)

Answer 44

internal thoracic vertebral thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk

Question 45

beyond the 1st rib what does the subclavian aa become and what are the branches of the 3 parts

Answer 45

axillary aa 1st- superior thoracic aa 2nd- thoracic-acromial and lateral thoracic aa 3rd-subscapular, posterior and anterior circumflex humeral

Question 46

where does the axillary aa become the brachial aa and what are the branches(4)

Answer 46

brachial beyond the lower border of trees major - profunda brachial - nutrient - muscular - superior and inferior ulnar collateral aa

Question 47

what happens when the brachial aa reaches the cubital fossa

Answer 47

terminates and splits into radial and ulnar aa

Question 48

Branches of radial aa (4)

Answer 48

``` RCMP radial recuurent carpal muscular superficial palmar ```

Question 49

branches of the ulnar aa (5)

Answer 49

- anterior and post ulnar collateral - common interosseous - muscular - ant and post carpal - deep palmar

Question 50

what are the two arches the radial and ulnar arteries form in the hand

Answer 50

superficial (continuation of ulnar) Deep (continuation of radial (common palmar digital aa supply fingers)