General And Ag Flashcards
(222 cards)
1
Q
Natural forces are important because:
a) you cannot do anything about them
b) they can cause pest populations to rise and fall
c) you can never spray anywhere in the winter time
d) the rain and wind always makes it necessary to respray the area.
A
they can cause pest populations to rise and fall
2
Q
Biological control:
a) is always 100% effective
b) is never complete
c) never occurs naturally
d) always interferes with commercial chemical control operations.
A
is never complete
3
Q
Resistance to pesticides develops in pests species:
a) because some applicators use the least expensive chemicals
b) the chemical companies plan it to happen
c) the pesticides are not poison enough
d) rarely does any pesticide kill all the pests and those that survive pass this ability on to their offspring.
A
rarely does any pesticide kill all the pests and those that survive pass this ability on to their offspring.
4
Q
Integrated Pest Management practices include the use of:
a) chemical pesticides
b) cultivation and barriers
c) sanitation and traps
d) all the above.
A
all the above.
5
Q
In the case of insects:
a) they are only important because they give entomologists something to talk about
b) they must all be killed as soon as possible
c) about 99% of all species are of minor importance
d) they all feed on plants which could be eaten by people.
A
about 99% of all species are of minor importance
6
Q
The insect thorax:
a) is where the insect antennae are located
b) supports the legs and wings (if present) of the adult insect
c) is always a very small orange spot on right side of the head
d) is difficult to distinguish from the legs.
A
supports the legs and wings (if present) of the adult insect
7
Q
An example of an Arachnid is:
a) a butterfly
b) an insect
c) a spider
d) a pigweed.
A
A spider
8
Q
The use of host resistance:
a) helps keep pest populations below harmful levels
b) means that any pesticide use will not result in killing the host
c) involves treating the host with insecticides repeatedly at low rates so as not to kill it
d) should always be discouraged because it is never effective.
A
helps keep pest populations below harmful levels
9
Q
Screens and other barriers:
a) are no longer effective because insects have learned to avoid them
b) are too ”old fashioned“ to work
c) can be a major way of controlling pests in some situations
d) should always be painted red or yellow to help repel the pest.
A
can be a major way of controlling pests in some situations
10
Q
The major objective in outdoor chemical pest control is:
a) to cover the entire surface to be protected with a residue
b) rely on drift to reach the ”hard to get“ areas
c) use the most toxic chemical possible to reduce the number of applications
d) spray every other day to stay ahead of pest buildup.
A
to cover the entire surface to be protected with a residue
11
Q
May feed on plants but the main
concern is that toxin produced by
this insect may be toxic to horses
A
blister beetle
12
Q
This insect is often overlooked
by growers but probably causes
considerable damage
A
potato leafhopper
13
Q
The main problem associated with
this pest is larval feeding on roots
which may cause lodging. The
insect is
A
corn rootworm
14
Q
These insects often migrate from
maturing wheat fields to suck
plant juice from seedling corn.
The insect is
A
chinch bugs
15
Q
Pest information from traditional
cotton-producing states can help
guide Kansas cotton producers but
adjustments will need to be made
because
A
the growing season is shorter
16
Q
Damage occurs as these insects
move from maturing wheat fields.
These insects are
A
thrips
17
Q
Considered the number one insect
pest of alfalfa throughout Kansas
A
alfalfa weevil
18
Q
Dry years seem to favor survival
of this pest which can damage the
crop from mid- to late summer
A
grasshopper
19
Q
These insects seem to be slowly
migrating from east to west across
Kansas. The insect is
A
Japanese beetle
20
Q
Damage from this insect usually
occurs within the first two weeks
of planting but mainly in eastern
Kansas. This insect is
A
black cutworm
21
Q
Damage occurs if these insects
migrate from maturing wheat
fields to suck juice from seedling sorghum
plants: These insects are
A
chinch bugs
22
Q
Larval feeding by this insect often
causes a “blasted” appearance to
sorghum heads. These insects are
A
sorghum midge
23
Q
Early season stalk tunneling by
these insects may cause late season
lodging. These insects are
A
sugarcane rootstock weevils
24
Q
These insects seem to feed on
sorghum as a last resort but may
cause yield loss if they feed on
developing grain. These insects are
A
false chinch bugs
25
These pests may feed on plants
and may transmit bean pod mottle
virus. They are
bean leaf beetle
26
These pests are very common later
in the season and their leaf feeding
causes grower concern but they are
often controlled by a white fungus.
They are
green cloverworms
27
These pests were first detected
in Kansas in 2002. They are
soybean aphids
28
Both adults and nymphs may feed
on beans inside the pod causing
shrunken and deformed beans.
These are
stink bugs
29
May cause dramatic damage to
plant because of their unique habit
of head clipping. These insects are
headclipping weevils
30
Most serious sunflower pest year
after year is
sunflower head moth
31
Highly visible, hairy caterpillars
that are often common late season
and may defoliate sunflowers
woollybears
32
Destruction of volunteer wheat
is a very important part of pest
management for these wheat pests
aphids, Hessian flies, wheat curl mites
33
Oversummering and overwintering
stage of these insects is
called flaxseed. The insects are
Hessian fly
34
Larvae often reduce early season
plant stands by feeding on seeds
right down the drill row. These
insects are
false wireworms
35
Larval feeding in stem often
results in a 1 to 2 percent
field-wide occurrence of white
heads. These insects are
wheat stem maggots
36
This caterpillar is the familiar
"apple worm" but also attacks pear,
crabapple, and English walnut.
Which insect is it?
codling moth
37
The San Jose scale is best managed
by
applying oil
38
San Jose scale are usually found
_______ of the apple tree.
beneath loose bark
39
Bronzing of apple tree leaves is
caused by the
European red mite
40
The adult plum curculio
overwinters
in debris in and around the
orchard
41
One of the most destructive pests of
peach trees is
peach tree borer
42
This insect pest that attacks most
orchard fruits, but prefers peaches
is the
oriental fruit moth
43
________ is important in the
management of fruit insect and
mite pests.
plant health
44
Squash bug nymphs are found in
clusters feeding on leaves, stems,
and fruits of squash and pumpkin
plant. They
have a disagreeable odor when
crushed
45
The imported cabbageworm
caterpillar becomes full-grown in
about
four weeks
46
When disturbed, cutworms will
curl into a ball of c-shape
47
This distinctive yellow and black
striped beetle is a serious pest in
the United States and Eastern
Canada. The female lays orangeyellow
eggs on the underside of
leaves. What is this pest?
Colorado potato beetle
48
These caterpillars are flesh colored
with light small round spots and
may attack the stems of some
vegetables. They commonly feed
on fruit of pepper or corn. What
pest is this?
European corn borer
49
The ______ is the most
destructive and widespread pest
of tomato.
tomato hornworm
50
Broomweed, ragweed and
sunflower are examples of
summer annual broadleaf
weeds
51
Saltcedar, Russian olive and
multiflora rose are examples of
introduced perennials
52
The following are examples of
woody plants
sumac and yucca
53
An example of a woody plant that
resprouts is
elm and osage orange
54
Aerial dispersal systems may be
wind driven or _____ powered by
the aircraft engine.
hydraulic and mechanical
55
Aircraft nozzles must be equipped
with a(n) ___________.
antisiphon or nondrip check
valve
56
Calibration is very important in
aerial application because
large areas are covered in a
short time
57
All pattern tests should be run
_____________to the wind
direction.
parallel
58
A minimum spraying pressure
for aerial application should be
around
30 psi
59
At the end of each swath, complete
the turn soon enough to allow
________ before let-down for the
next swath.
slight course corrections
60
An aquatic plant without a
true stem, leaves or vascular system is called:
algae
61
Controlling weeds usually
involves:
taking advantage of the differences between the
weeds and desired species
62
Chemicals used to control
weeds are pesticides called:
herbicides
63
Snails and slugs are in a
group of animals called:
mollusks
64
Vertebrate pest control is
similar to insect control in that it depends on
proper pest identification
65
The most common chemical
formulation of vertebrate poisons is
baits
66
The pesticide formulation
includes
both active and inert ingredients
67
Low concentrate solutions
usually contain
1% or less active ingredient
68
Pesticide formulations
which form a gas when applied are called
fumigants
69
An advantage of pelleted
formulations is
a. drift hazard is low
b. no mixing - ready to use
c. excellent distribution due to the uniform size
d. all of the above****
70
A finely ground formulation
which looks like a dust, is mixed in water but does
not dissolve in the water is called
wettable powder
71
Pesticides which are not
compatible can
a. cause loss of effectiveness if mixed
b. cause injury to treated surfaces, animals, plants,
etc.
c. cause separation of ingredients into layers or
settling out
d. all the above****
72
The ingredient statement on
the label must list
B: each active pesticide ingredient and its percentage
c. the percentage of the total that is made up by the
inert ingredients
73
An establishment number is
needed
in case something goes wrong, the facility which
made it can be traced
74
Route of entry statements on
the label refers to:
how the pesticide may enter your body (mouth,
skin, lungs)
75
Typical CAUTION label
statements include:
a. harmful if swallowed
b. may be harmful if inhaled
c. may be harmful to eyes, nose, throat and skin
d. all of the above****
76
Statement of practical
treatment:
tells you the first aid treatments recommended in
case of poisoning
77
Every pesticide will eventually
be classified:
as "general" or "restricted" use
78
Which of the following are
special concerns with bulk storage of pesticides?
a. fire and explosion
b. spills - ruptured/leaking tanks
c. runoff and environmental contamination
d. all of the above***
79
How is the best way to find out
how to apply a pesticide product correctly?
read the label
80
A pesticide which
breaks down quickly in the environment is called
non-persistent
81
Contaminated or
polluted water by pesticides:
can injure plants and animals directly
82
When minimizing
groundwater contamination, the two major sources
are:
point and non-point sources
83
Pesticides
can help the environment when they are used
carefully and wisely
84
What must you do in terms
of application equipment?
select the right kind of equipment
85
The letters, "ULV" stand for
ultra low volume
86
Spray nozzles are made out
of:
a. brass
b. stainless steel
c. nylon
d. all of the above***
87
When you change chemicals
in your sprayer, you should
clean the sprayer thoroughly
88
Advantages of a power
duster are:
simply built, easy to maintain and low in cost
89
To help reduce physical
drift, use adequate amounts of carrier, ____________
gallons per acre.
15 to 20
90
Accurate calibration of a
sprayer:
is the only way to know how much chemical is
being applied
91
Natural forces are
important because
they can cause pest populations to rise and fall
92
Biological control
is never complete
93
Resistance to pesticides
develops in pests species:
rarely does any pesticide kill all the pests and
those that survive pass this ability on to their
offspring
94
Integrated Pest
Management practices include the use of
a. chemical pesticides
b. cultivation and barriers
c. sanitation and traps
d. all of the above***
95
In the case of insects
about 99% of all species are of minor importance
96
The insect thorax
supports the legs and wings (if present) of the
adult insect
97
The use of host resistance
helps keep pest populations below harmful levels
98
For most biotic plant
diseases to develop, there must be ____________
present
a pathogen
b. a susceptible host
c. a favorable environment
d. all of the above***
99
Mycoplasmas are actually a
type of ____________ which lacks a cell wall.
bacteria
100
Root knot, soybean cyst,
and pine wilt are examples of ____________ diseases.
nematode
101
Quarantines that regulate
the movement of plants into this country are a form
of disease control called:
exclusion
102
Weeds interfere with crop
production by:
a. competing for water
b. harboring pest insects, mites etc.
c. releasing toxins into the soil
d. all of the above***
103
All plants, including weeds,
have how many stages of growth?
4 -
104
To apply a pesticide evenly
and accurately, the sprayer must
a. move at a constant speed
b. have a constant pressure
c. have only the correct size and type of nozzle
d. all of the above***
105
The following can be used to
adjust a sprayer to deliver more or less spray:
a. change the pressure
b. change the speed
c. change the nozzle tips
d. all of the above***
106
When calibrating a granular
applicator, the speed should be checked:
in the field where they will be applied
107
How long must an applicator
maintain application records?
3 years
108
When must a certified
applicator be physically present while supervising
an application by a non-certified applicator?
when such presence is required by the pesticide
label
109
Under the Kansas Pesticide
Use Law:
it is unlawful to detach, alter, deface or destroy
the label
110
In general, all pesticides
must be registered by:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
111
The residue concentration of
a pesticide on food or feed judged to be safe for
human use is called a:
tolerance
112
In court actions under
common law, strict liability such phrases as "high
degree of care:"
are tough to define and give courts a wide degree
of action
113
Exposure to pesticides may be:
a. acute
b. chronic
c. both of the above***
114
Neoprene or rubber boots are
necessary when handling liquid concentrates which
have ____________ warning on the label:
Danger
115
Which pesticide formulation is
more difficult to remove by laundering?
emulsifiable concentrates
116
When you are intermittently
exposed to pesticide fumes you should wear a:
cartridge respirator
117
When should you change filters
and cartridges on your respirator?
a. if you have trouble breathing
b. if you smell pesticides
c. after a maximum of 8 hours of use
d. all of the above ***
118
As soon as pesticides arrive for
storage you should:
store them in the designated place
119
Closed handling systems are
designed to remove pesticide concentrate from the
original container by:
a. gravity
b. suction
c. high pressure
d. a and b above***
120
Before applying a pesticide, you
must:
clear the area of all unprotected persons
121
The best way to solve the problem
of pesticide waste disposal is:
simply avoid producing any
122
In the case of minor pesticide
spills, you should:
a. keep people away
b. confine the spill
c. dispose of it as you would
d. all of the above***
123
The initial effort to help a poisoned
victim is:
first aid
124
In the case of poison in the eye,
you should:
wash the eye quickly for 15 minutes with running
water
125
A pest is _______________.
a. destructive
b. beneficial
c. annoying
d. both a and c****
126
What type of pesticide is used to kill weeds?
herbicide
127
Which one of these is a control method
promoted in integrated pest management?
a. biological control
b. cultural control
c. chemical control
d. all of the above***
128
Agriculture land with ____________ soils allows
pesticides to move faster.
coarse, sandy
129
To protect honeybees from pesticides, do not
apply insecticides ____________.
while crops are in bloom
130
The potential for a given pesticide to
contaminate groundwater depends on:
a. it's ability to move in the soil
b. it's persistence
c. it's solubility
d. all of the above***
131
Pests of field crops generally fall into
one of how many fairly easily recognized groups?
five
132
Characteristics commonly used to
correctly identify insects include which of the
following?
a. wings
b. legs
c. mouthparts
d. all of the above***
133
The key characteristic to identifying
insects belonging to the order Thysanoptera (thrips)
is:
fringed wings
134
All members of the order Hemiptera
(true bugs) have which one of the following
characteristics?
sucking mouthparts
135
The developmental stage generally
responsible for plant damage in the order
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is:
larvae
136
Beetles and weevils belong to a large,
diverse group of insects that vary greatly in size and
shape. This group is called:
coleoptera
137
Even if the pest itself cannot be found,
there are some other keys to help one determine the
pest problem. These include:
a. time of year
b. type of host
c. type of damage
d. all of the above****
138
True or False. When sampling a field
for a pest, always concentrate along the field border
because pests will be most numerous there.
false
139
True or False. The number of samples
needed per field varies with field size, pest, etc.
Generally, larger fields require more samples to get
an accurate estimate of the population.
true
140
Sampling plans are relatively welldefined and easy to understand for the following
pests:
corn borers and alfalfa weevils
141
Considered the number one insect pest of
alfalfa throughout Kansas:
alfalfa weevil
142
May feed on plants but the main concern is
that toxin produced by this insect may be toxic to
horses:
blister beetle
143
Which of the following pests are not insects?
spider mites
144
Larval feeding by this insect often causes
a "blasted" appearance to sorghum heads. These
insects are:
sorghum midges
145
Early season stalk tunneling by these
insects may cause late season lodging. These
insects are:
sugarcane rootstock weevils
146
These insects seem to feed on sorghum
as a last resort but may cause yield loss if they feed
on developing grain. These insects are:
false chinch bugs
147
These pests may feed on plants and may
transmit bean pod mottle virus. They are:
bean leaf beetles
148
These pests are very common later in
the season and their leaf feeding causes grower
concern but they are often controlled by a white
fungus. They are:
green cloverworms
149
Both adults and nymphs may feed on
beans inside the pod causing shrunken and
deformed beans. These are:
stink bugs
150
May cause dramatic damage to plant
because of their unique habit of head clipping. These
insects are:
headclipping weevils
151
Most serious sunflower pest year after
year is:
sunflower headmoths
152
Highly visible, hairy caterpillars that
are often common late season and may defoliate
sunflowers:
woollybears
153
Destruction of volunteer wheat is a very
important part of pest management for these wheat
pests:
a. aphids
b. Hessian flies
c. wheat curl mites
d. all of the above***
154
Oversummering and overwintering of these
insects is called flaxseed. The insects are:
hessian flies
155
Larvae often reduce early season plant
stands by feeding on seeds right down the drill row.
These insects are:
false wireworms
156
Larval feeding in stem often results in a 1 to
2 percent field-wide occurrence of white heads.
These insects are:
wheat stem maggots
157
True or False. Predatory insects are
found in all crops. Some are generalist predators
and others are more specific for certain groups. The
specific feeding predators are considered more
beneficial.
true
158
True or False. Insects may be infested
with many different types of pathogens, much like
humans. However, viruses cannot infect insects.
False
159
This caterpillar is the familiar "apple worm"
but also attacks pear, crabapple, and English walnut.
Which insect is it?
codling moth
160
The San Jose scale is best managed by:
applying oil
161
San Jose scale are usually found ____________
of the apple tree.
beneath loose bark
162
Bronzing of apple tree leaves is caused by
the:
European red mite
163
The adult plum curculio overwinters:
in debris in and around the orchard
164
One of the most destructive pests of peach
trees is:
peach tree borer
165
This insect pest that attacks most orchard
fruits, but prefers peaches is the:
oriental fruit moth
166
____________ is important in the management
of fruit insect and mite pests.
plant health
167
The three general categories of
vegetable insect pests are sucking, chewing and:
soil
168
____________ are the immature stage of
May or June beetles.
white grubs
169
Squash bug nymphs are found in
clusters feeding on leaves, stems, and fruits of
squash and pumpkin plant. They:
have a disagreeable odor when crushed
170
The following is true of aphids on
vegetable crops:
heavy infestations stunt plants
171
One of the most common mites attacking
vegetables, especially tomatoes, curcubits, and
beans is the:
twospotted spider mite
172
This insect group cause more damage to
vegetables than do the other categories:
chewing
173
Cucumber beetle larvae destroy the
____________ of vegetable plants.
underground parts
174
The imported cabbageworm caterpillar
becomes full-grown in about:
four weeks
175
When disturbed, cutworms will:
curl into a ball or c-shape
176
This distinctive yellow and black striped
beetle is a serious pest in the United States and
Eastern Canada. The female lays orange-yellow
eggs on the underside of leaves. What is this pest?
Colorado potato beetle
177
These caterpillars are flesh colored with
light small round spots and may attack the stems of some vegetables. They commonly feed on fruit of
pepper of corn. What pest is this?
European corn borer
178
The ____________ is the most destructive
and widespread pest of tomato.
tomato hornworm
179
Discoloration in the vascular tissue
(water conduction tissue) is a symptom of what kind
of disease:
wilt
180
The four major groups of plant pathogens
include fungi, bacteria, virus and ____________.
nematodes
181
Fungi often obtain their food through:
a. photosynthesis
b. decay of dead plant material
c. attacking living plants
d. both b and c ****
182
What are some ways in which plant
viruses can spread?
a. seed
b. insects
c. tools
d. all of the above****
183
What are some ways in which plantinfecting bacteria can spread?
insects
184
Which of the following insects is a
common vector of plant viruses:
aphids
185
The three most common groups of
pesticides used to manage plant diseases are:
fungicides, bactericides and nematicides
186
What is one advantage of a CONTACT
fungicide:
broad mode of action
187
If plants in several different plant families
are affected by symptoms, the cause is mostly likely
to be:
abiotic factor -
188
The best type of sample to send to a
diagnostic clinic is:
plant tissue from the transitional area between
healthy and damaged areas
189
Crop rotation can reduce disease
pressure only if:
the pathogen survives locally in soil or crop debris
190
In integrated pest management (IPM)
programs, the foundation of disease control is:
a. resistant cultivars
b. fungicides
c. cultural practices
d. a and c****
191
Which factor is not part of the "disease
triangle"?
the right time
192
Which of the following is NOT an effective
cultural management practice?
quarantines
193
Weeds reduce crop yields by competing for
a. moisture
b. light
c. soil nutrients
d. all of the above****
194
Important features used to identify grassy
wees include:
auricles and ligules
195
An example of a dicot plant includes a
a. broadleaf
b. sedge
c. soybean
d. both a and c -***
196
Field bindweed, dandelion and johnsongrass
are:
perennials
197
Winter annual grasses include
a. downy brome
b. cheat
c. jointed goatgrass
d. all of the above***
198
In cases where available herbicides will not
control the weeds, which of the following
management practices are helpful?
a. crop rotation
b. tillage
c. a and b above***
199
Glyphosate is an example of a:
a. non selective herbicide
b. EPSP inhibitor
c. selective herbicide when use with Roundup Ready
crops
d. all of the above***
200
A weed species that has developed
resistance to herbicides in Kansas includes:
a. kochia
b. cheat
c. palmar amaranth
d. all of the above***
201
Summer crops such as corn, sorghum, and
soybeans tend to increase:
summer annual weeds
202
The risk of herbicide resistance can be
decreased by using:
a. crop rotations
b. herbicide rotations
c. mixtures of herbicides that have a different mode
of action
d. all of the above***
203
Perennial weeds can reproduce from
a. stolons
b. seed production
c. tubers
d. all of the above***
204
Examples of biennial broadleaf weeds are
a. common mullein
b. musk thistle
c. western salsify
d. all of the above***
205
Broomweed, ragweed and sunflower
are examples of:
summer annual broadleaf weeds
206
Control options for the management
and control of rangeland weed species include:
a. chemical control
b. mechanical control
c. biological control
d. all of the above***
207
An example of an insect that provides
biological control is:
the rosette weevil
208
Saltcedar, Russian olive and multiflora
rose are examples of:
introduced perennials
209
The following are examples of woody
plants:
sumac and yucca
210
An example of a woody plant that
resprouts is:
a. elm
b. osage orange
c. eastern red cedar
d. both a and b -***
211
Calibration is the process of
measuring and adjusting the amount of pesticide
applied by the equipment
212
The correct type and size of spray
nozzle is essential for ____________.
a. drift reduction
b. uniform coverage
c. the correct application rate
Dall of the above***
213
Drift can be minimized by ____________.
increasing nozzle size
214
In order to determine how much
pesticide to add to the tank, you need to know
____________.
a. the pesticide application rate
b. the capacity of the tank
c. calibrated output
d. all of the above***
215
Vapor drift is the result of:
the volatilization of an active ingredient
216
Aerial dispersal systems may be wind driven
or ____________ powered by the aircraft engine
a. hydraulic
b. mechanical
c. chemical
d. a and b ***
217
Aircraft nozzles must be equipped with a(n)
____________.
antisiphon or nondrip check valve
218
Calibration is very important in aerial
application because:
large areas are covered in a short time
219
All pattern tests should be run ____________
to the wind direction
parallel
220
A minimum spraying pressure for aerial
application should be around
30 psi
221
At the end of each swath, complete the turn
soon enough to allow ____________ before let-down
for the next swath
slight course corrections
222
