General and Local Anesthetic Drugs (Kruse)

Question 1

What are the inhaled anesthetics? (6)

Answer 1

-flurane for 4/6:

1) Desflurane
2) Enflurane
3) Sevoflurane
4) Isoflurane
5) Halothane
6) Nitrous oxide

Question 2

What are the intravenous anesthetics? (6)

Answer 2

1) Diazepam
2) Etomidate
3) Fentanyl
4) Ketamine
5) Midazolam
6) Propofol

Question 3

What are the local anesthetics? (6)

Answer 3

-caine:

1) Benzocaine
2) Bupivacaine
3) Cocaine
4) Dibucaine
5) Lidocaine
6) Procaine

Question 4

The following drugs make up what class?

1) Desflurane
2) Enflurane
3) Sevoflurane
4) Isoflurane
5) Halothane
6) Nitrous oxide

Answer 4

Inhaled anesthetics

Question 5

The following drugs make up what class?

1) Diazepam
2) Etomidate
3) Fentanyl
4) Ketamine
5) Midazolam
6) Propofol

Answer 5

Intravenous anesthetics

Question 6

The following drugs make up what class?

1) Benzocaine
2) Bupivacaine
3) Cocaine
4) Dibucaine
5) Lidocaine
6) Procaine

Answer 6

Local anesthetics

Question 7

The anesthetic state is a collection of “component” changes in behavior or perception that include?

Answer 7

1) Unconsciousness
2) Amnesia
3) Analgesia
4) Attenuation of autonomic reflexes to noxious stimulation
5) Immobility in response to noxious stimulation

Question 8

Anesthetics primarily act at the?

Answer 8

Synapse

Question 9

Chloride channels and Potassium channels make up what type of channels?

Answer 9

Inhibitory ion channels

Question 10

Acetylcholine, Excitatory amino acids, and Serotonin make up what channels?

Answer 10

Excitatory ion channels

Question 11

The driving force for inhaled anesthetic uptake is?

This is driven by?

Answer 11

1) Alveolar concentration

2) Inspired air concentration and alveolar ventilation

Question 12

What defines the relative affinity of an anesthetic for the blood compared with that of inspired gas?

Answer 12

The blood:gas partition coefficient

Question 13

What type of relationship is there between blood:gas coefficient and rate of anesthesia onset?

Answer 13

Inverse relationship

Question 14

Agents with what type of blood solubility (nitrous oxide, desflurane) reach high arterial pressure rapidly?

Which in turn results in?

Answer 14

1) Low

2) Rapid equilibration with the brain and fast onset of action

Question 15

Agents with what type of blood solubility (halothane) reaches high arterial pressure slowly, which in turn results in?

Answer 15

1) High

2) Slow equilibration with the brain and a slow onset of action

Question 16

Between nitrous oxide and Halothane, which has a larger blood:gas partition coefficient?

Which has a larger brain:blood partition coefficient?

Which has a larger minimal alveolar concentration (vol %)?

Which has rapid onset and recovery?

Which has medium rate of onset and recovery?

Answer 16

1) Halothane
2) Halothane
3) NO
4) NO
5) Halothane

Question 17

MAC values greater than 100% indicates that?

Answer 17

Other agents must be supplemented to achieve full surgical anesthesia

Question 18

Using nitrous oxide to produce 40% MAC in combination with 70% of a volatile agent’s MAC would yield a total of 110% MAC, is this sufficient for surgical anesthesia in most patients?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Halothane may cause what side effect?

Answer 19

Hepatitis

Question 20

Agents metabolized to products including fluoride ions may cause?

Answer 20

Renal toxicity

Question 21

In combination with succinylcholine, inhaled volatile anesthetics may cause?

What is the antidote?

Answer 21

1) Malignant hyperthermia

2) Dantrolene

Question 22

The IV anesthetic Propofol has what MOA?

Answer 22

Targets GABA(A) and acts as an agonist

Question 23

The IV anesthetic Etomidate has what MOA?

Answer 23

Enhances the actions of GABA on GABA(A) receptors

Question 24

The IV anesthetic Ketamine has what MOA?

Answer 24

NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 25

Ketamine is the only IV anesthetic to produce profound?

Answer 25

Analgesia

Question 26

The IV anesthetic Dexmedetomidine has what MOA?

Answer 26

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist

Question 27

What is the MOA of Local Anesthetics?

What is the effect?

Answer 27

1) Block voltage-gated sodium channel currents

2) Stops the spread of APs across nerve axons

Question 28

Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, and Articaine are in what chemical class?

Benzocaine, Cocaine, Procaine, and Tetracaine are in what chemical class?

Answer 28

1) Amides (has two letter “i” is the agents name)

2) Ester (has only one “i” in the agents name)