General Anesthetic Flashcards Preview

SP18: Pharm MT2 > General Anesthetic > Flashcards

Flashcards in General Anesthetic Deck (36)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

A __________ anesthetic produces unconsciousness, unresponsiveness, amnesia, immobility and autonomic stability.

A

Complete

2
Q

T/F: Diethyl ether is a common anesthetic today.

A

False

Often a cocktail of drugs

3
Q

What are some of the drugs often used in general Anesthetics?

A
  1. Antimuscarinics
  2. Various analgesics
  3. Anti-nicotinics
  4. Antiemetics
  5. Nitrous oxide and/or opiods
4
Q

__________ are used in general anesthesia to minimize salivation, block vagal stimulation, and block reflex bradycardia.

A

Antimuscarinics

5
Q

__________ are used for preoperative pain relief, sedation, and amnesia.

A

Analgesics

6
Q

_____________ are used to reduce anesthetic requirement and provide some analgesia.

A

Nitrous oxide/opiods

7
Q

What is the purpose of anti-nicotinics in general anesthesia?

A

Paralyze skeletal muscle

8
Q

When does anesthesia begin?

A

When the anesthetic reaches a critical concentration in membrane lipids

9
Q

What was the assumption of the membrane lipid based theories of anesthesia?

A

If you get enough anesthesia in the membrane this will alter the membrane structure leading to altered state

10
Q

What is the membrane protein based theory of anesthesia?

A

Direct action on proteins leads to alterations in protein functions

11
Q

T/F: General anesthetics have been demonstrated to block many different ligand activated ion channels.

A

True

12
Q

T/F: There is a specific set of proteins known as anesthesia targets that mediate the response.

A

False

Anesthesia acts on a variety of proteins leading to the response

13
Q

T/F: Action potentials are a very sensitive function to general anesthetics.

A

False

Synaptic transmission more sensitive than action potentials

14
Q

The _________________ appears to be an important factor in consciousness, therefore attenuating this can help lead to reduced consciousness.

A

Reticular activation formation

15
Q

T/F: Anesthetics exert direct effects on the thalamus and hippocampus.

A

True

Thalamocortical loop may be of high importance

16
Q

In order to reduce memory, the __________ System is most likely attenuated by anesthetic.

A

limbic

17
Q

T/F: General anesthetics target and turn off specific known pathways to achieve the needed state.

A

False

Variety of pathways

18
Q

What are the four stages of general anesthesia?

A
  1. Analgesia
  2. Excitement
  3. Surgical anesthesia
  4. Medullary paralysis
19
Q

What is the blood:gas coefficient?

A

Quantifies the solubility of an anesthetic agent in blood

20
Q

T/F: Anesthetics with a lower blood:gas coefficient are preferred because these will have the fastest induction and recovery speeds.

A

True

21
Q

______ is determined by the solubility of an anesthetic in olive oil.

A

MAC

22
Q

Anesthetic agents with _____ MAC and _____ blood:gas coefficients are desirable.

A

Low; low

23
Q

T/F: An anesthetic agent with low MAC will have a high potency.

A

True

24
Q

T/F: Nitrous oxide has a low MAC and low blood:gas coefficient.

A

False

High MAC (not as potent) and low b:g

25
Q

T/F: Nitrous oxide is a strong cardiac and respiratory depressant.

A

False

26
Q

Volatile anesthetics can be especially harmful to patients susceptible to _____________.

A

Malignant hyperthermia

27
Q

Barbiturates act as CNS depressants by potentiating the activity of the _______ receptor.

A

GABA-A

28
Q

What is the effect of barbituates acting on GABA channels?

A

Ion channels open allowing negatively charged particles (Cl-) into the cell thereby hyperpolarizing the cell and diminishing synaptic transmission

29
Q

An ultra short-acting barbituate would last how long?

A

15-30 minutes

30
Q

How long would a long-acting barbituate last?

A

6-8 hours

31
Q

What are four advantages of IV anesthetics?

A
  1. Rapid distribution
  2. Reduced cardiac depression
  3. No risk of malignant hypothermia
  4. No risk of occupational exposure
32
Q

What is a major adverse effect of barbituates?

A

Respiratory depression

33
Q

What is the advantage to Methoxhexital over Thiopental?

A
  1. 5x more potent, faster acting

* but shorter duration

34
Q

What is currently the most popular anesthetic agent?

A

Propofol

35
Q

________ produces dissociative anesthesia.

A

Ketamine

36
Q

What is dissociative anesthesia?

A

Patient does not appear to be anesthetized but cannot process information

Minimal effect on respiratory function