General Anesthetics Flashcards
(53 cards)
General anesthetics provide what?
Amnesia, analgesia and relaxation tailored for the intended medical procedure
What is analgesia?
The inability to feel pain
Does a single general anesthetic provide all desired objectives?
No, múltiple drugs are used
What are the three phases of general anesthesia?
Induction, Maintenance and Recovery
What drugs are given during the induction phase?
Anxiolytic (Helps the patient relax)
Opiods (Helps to reduce the pain and to block the sensation of the pain)
General Anesthesia
Muscular relaxant
In the maintenance phase, what drugs are continued?
Opiods + General anesthesia/Muscle relaxant
What happens during the recovery phase?
Full recovery of physiologic functions
The general anesthetics interact with..?
Neuronal membrane proteins via multiple and different mechanisms
As the concentration of the general anesthetic increases the switch from conscious to unconscious occurs over a very narrow …?
Concentration range
The ion channels bind to various what?
Proteins as well as lipids
The ion channels affect several different types of…
Ion channels
Almost all except which general anesthetics potentiate the action of GABA at GABA A receptors
cyclopropane, ketamine, Xenon
What is GABA A?
a ligand gated CL- channel that is made up of 5 subunits (generally compromising two alpha, two beta, and one gamma or delta subunit
Specific mutations of the alpha subunit inhibit what?
Volatile but not IV anesthetics
Mutations of the beta subunit inhibit both what?
Volatile and IV anesthetics
Volatile anesthetics may bind at the interface between the …
Alpha and beta subunit
The IV general anesthetic may bind only to the…
Beta subunit
Where are the potassium channels found?
In the cell membrane of virtually all cells
What role do potassium channels play?
regulation of cellular functions such as regulation of cell excitability, cell volume, cell growth, and proliferation, and even cell death
What are K2 channels?
A diverse family of K+ selective ion channels that contribute to background or leak currents in excitable and non-excitable tissues
Which potassium channels control the negative resting potential of eukaryotic cells and regulate cell excitability by conducting K+ ions across the plasma membrane?
K2P channels
What are some physiological and/or pathological roles of the K2P2 channels?
Depression, ischemia, nociception, myelinated axons, general anesthesia, ventricular tachycardia, cardiac fibrosis, migraine
Where are the K2P4 channels expressed?
Myelinated axons
The K2P4 channels are involved in what?
Post surgical neuropathic pain
