General Antibiotics

Question 1

Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis

Answer 1

Beta-LACTAMS + Vancomycin

Question 2

Beta-LACTAMS

Answer 2

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Imipenem/Meropenem, and Aztreonam

Question 3

Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Streptogramins, Linezolid, Clindamycin

Question 4

Only bactericidal antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides

Question 5

Inhibition of nucleic synthesis

Answer 5

Fluoroquinolones, Rifampin

Question 6

Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

Answer 6

Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine

Question 7

What is folate required for?

Answer 7

Converting U to T and for making Adenine/Guanine

Question 8

Penicillins + Aminoglycosides

Answer 8

Synergistic (BC + BC)

Question 9

Penicillins + Tetracyclines

Answer 9

Antagonistic (BC + BS)

Question 10

Resistance to Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Answer 10

1. Production of Beta-Lactamase
2. Change in PBPs (penicillin-binding proteins)
3. Change in Porins (Gram - only)

Question 11

Resistance to Aminoglycosides

Answer 11

Formation of enzymes that inactivate drugs via conjugation reactions

Question 12

Resistance to Macrolides

Answer 12

Formation of methyltransferases that alter drug binding sites on the 50s ribosomal subunit OR Active transport out of cells

Question 13

Resistance to Tetracyclines

Answer 13

Pumps

Question 14

Resistance to Sulfonamides

Answer 14

1. Change in sensitivity to inhibition of target enzymes 2. Increased formation of PABA 3. Use of exogenous folic acid

Question 15

Resistance to Fluoroquinolones

Answer 15

1. Change in sensitivity to inhibition of target enzymes 2. Drug efflux

Question 16

Resistance to Chloramphenicol

Answer 16

Formation of inactivating acetyltransferases