General Bacteriology Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Ziehl-Neelsen/Kinyoun/Fite stains
A
mycobacteria stain pink/red
- ZN/Kinyoun = most commonly used
- Fite often used for M leprae (b/c leprae often decolorized by ZN/K). Also for Nocardia
2
Q
Warthin-Starry stain (positive test, what it tests for)
A
dark brown/black against a yellow/gold background
- spirochetes (treponema, borrelia, leptospira)
- H pylori
- Bartonella henselae (clue for bacillary angiomatosis or bacillary peliosis hepatis)
3
Q
Rapidly growing NTM
A
abscessus group
chelonae
fortuitum group
4
Q
A
Streptomyces
5
Q
A
Nocardia
6
Q
Members of aerobic actinomycetes (and micro characteristics)
A
- nocardia
- rhodococcus
- streptomyces
mAF stain+ (d/t presence of mycolic acids in cell wall)
branching GPR
typically isolated in fungal cx (as opp to standard bacterial cx) d/t slow growth
7
Q
Antimicrobials w/ poor CNS penetration
A
- any abx given PO
- beta-lactamase inhibitors
- 1-2nd gen cephs
- cephamycins
- clinda
- FQ
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
8
Q
Vanc-R Bacteria
A
- most GNs
- Clostridium innocuum
- Enterococcus gallinarum and casseliflavus (d/t chromosomal vanC)
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Lactobacillus
- Leuconostoc
- Pediococcus
- Weissella
9
Q
Colistin-R Bacteria
A
- most GPs
- burkholderia
- inguilinus limosus
- N gonorrhea, N meningitidis
- Pandoraea
- Proteae
- Serratia
10
Q
SPICE Organisms (what are they and what are they resistant to?)
A
- Serratia spp
- PSAR
- Indole+ proteae (P vulgaris, Providencia spp, Morganella)
- Citrobacter freundii complex
- Enterobacter
- chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase –> results in R to penicillins (except piperacillin), amp/sulbactam, amox/clav, 1-2nd gen cephalosporins, and cephamycins
- may become de-repressed on exposure to b-lactams –> R to 3rd gen cephs, zosyn, and erta
11
Q
Intrinsic R of listeria
A
cephalosporins
12
Q
Intrinsic R of Proteae
A
- colistin
- nitrofurantoin
- tetracyclines
- May have elevated MICs to imipenem
*Refer to SPICE organisms
13
Q
Intrinsic R of Kleb (not aerogenes)
A
ampicillin
14
Q
Intrinsic R of Citrobacter koseri
A
amp
piperacillin
ticarcillin
15
Q
Intrinsic R of Burkholderia cepacia complex
A
- all penicillins and penicillin derivatives
- 1-4 gen cephs (except ceftaz)
- cephamycins
- erta, imi
- aminoglycosides
- colistin
- fosfomycin
- aztreonam
16
Q
Intrinsic R of non-glucose-fermenting (nonfermenters) GNR
A
ertapenem
17
Q
Intrinsic R of aerobic GNR
A
clinda
vancomycin
18
Q
a/w poultry
A
campy
salmonella
19
Q
a/w oysters
A
vibrio vulnificus
20
Q
a/w gravy
A
C perfringens
21
Q
a/w eggs
A
salmonella
22
Q
a/w chitterlings
A
yersinia enterocolitica
23
Q
Reference AST Methods for
Aerobic bacteria
Anaerobic bacteria
A
Aerobic - Kirby Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution (eg Vitek)
Anaerobic - agar dilution
24
Q
a/w rodents
A
- leptospira (rodent urine, think water and rustic cabins)
- salmonella
- spirillum minus
- strep moniliformis (rat bite fever)
- Yersinia pestis
25
a/w leeches
aeromonas
26
a/w dogs
campy
leptospira
pasteurella
staph intermedius/pseudointermedius
27
a/w fish
* E rhusiopathiae
* Streptococcus iniae
* Vibrio
28
a/w farm animals
* bacillus anthracis
* brucella
* coxiella
* campy
* Shiga-producing E coli
* Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
* Leptospira
* Salmonella
29
a/w cats
* bartonella henselae
* pastuerella
30
a/w birds
chlamydia/chlamydophila psittaci
31
tiny GNRs
oxidase-, weak catalase+
growth on chocolate only
N America
Europe
Asia
hunters (rabbits), muskrats, prarie dogs
ticks, deer fly bites
mowing over rabbit's nest
Francisella tularensis
32
GNRs, colonies w/ "cracked/dry earth" appearance
musty odor
oxidase +, colistin R
Tropics (esp SE Asia and Australia)
agricultural workers
persons w/ open skin wounds/DM/CKD
Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis)
33
GNR coccobacilli
slow growth - variable on MacConkey agar
oxidase variable, colistin R
C and S America
ME, Asia
Africa
vets, horse caretakers, abattoir workers
Burkholderia mallei
34
tiny GNR, oxidase+, urease+
May be mis-ID as Ochrobactrum on MALDI
Mexico, S and C America
Caribbean
Mediterranean basin, E Europe, ME
eating undercooked meats, raw dairy
vets
abattoir workers
hunters
Brucella
35
big, boxy GPR (often chains)
catalase +
Nonmotile
WW
persons who work w/ animal products
livestock producers
vets
Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus cereus
36
GNR
beta-hemolytic
oxidase negative
indole positive
lactose fermenting
E coli
37
GNR
beta-hemolytic
metallic sheen
Green pigment on MacConkey
PSAR
38
MacConkey Agar/Lactose-fermentation (What grows, what only grows on chocolate, and what doesn't grow)
**Nonfastidious GNR**
Enterobacterales
Most non-fermenters
_What doesn't_
* GP organisms (may see some bacillus spp though)
* Fastidious GNs: Brucella, HACEK, Francisella, Moraxella, Neisseria, Pasteurella
39
Chocolate Agar (What grows, what only grows on chocolate, and what doesn't grow)
\*\*almost all organisms grow on this media, including fastidious organisms
_Only grows here_
* Haemophilus
* Some aggregatibacter and some N gonorrhea
* Francisella
* Granulocatella/Abiotrophia
_What Doesn't_
* some corynebacterium grow better on blood
* organisms that don't grow on routine bacterial cultures
40
Important Pathogens in Bite Wounds
* anaerobic oral flora
* Eikenella
* Pasteurella
* staph intermedius/pseudointermedius
* Strep anginosus group
41
_When you here this..._
tiny, gram-negative rods
brucella
francisella
42
_When you here this..._
Spores on gram stain
* bacillus spp
* related genera: paenibacillus, lysinibacillus
* clostridium
43
_When you hear this..._
seagull-shaped/gull wings
campy
44
_When you hear this..._
lancet shaped
S pneumoniae
45
_When you here this..._
gram stain - big and boxy
bacillus
clostridium
46
_When you here this..._
GN diplococci - respiratory
M catarrhalis
47
_When you here this..._
GN diplococci - genital, urine, joint fluid
N gonorrhea
48
_When you hear this..._
Gram-negative diplococci in the CSF
N meningitidis
49
Organisms a/w GI cancer
Streptococcus (formerly bovis group):
* gallolyticus
* infantarius
* alacyolyticus
* lutetiensis
* equinous
Clostridium septicum (also heme malignancy)
50
The most common gram-variable bacteria
* bacillus spp
* clostridium spp
* acinetobacter spp
* streptococcus pneumoniae
51
**Gram negative rods - curved**
* campylobacter
* helicobacter
* vibrio (comma-shaped)
52
**Gram-negative rods - fusiform**
* fusobacterium
* capnocytophaga
53
**Gram negative coccobacilli**
* haemophilus
* acinetobacter (may be gram-variable)
* aggregatibacter
* moraxella
* pasteurella
* bacteroides
* francisella tularensis
* brucella
54
**Gram-variable rods**
* bacillus
* clostridium
* gardnerella vaginalis
* leptotrichia
55
**Branching, filamentous GPR**
* nocardia
* streptomyces
* gordonia
* tsukamurella
56
**GPR**
* bacillus, clostridium (may be big/box, may have spores)
* listeria (may appear coccobacillary)
* lactobacillus
* eggerthella
57
**GPC in pairs/chains**
* VGS
* Beta-hemolytic strep (eg S pyogenes)
* Enterococcus
* Abiotrophia, Granulicatella (prev NVS)
