General Biology

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

contains genetic info & controls activities in cell

Question 2

plasma/ cell membrane

Answer 2

a semipermeable membrane that separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding interstitial fluid

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. acts as scaffolding for the organelles

Question 4

organelles

Answer 4

“little organs”. specialized units in the cell that perform certain functions.

Question 5

mitochondria

Answer 5

locations for cellular respiration, that is, the conversion of food to energy at the cellular level. sites of energy production and (ATP)

Question 6

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 6

chemical the cell uses to store and transfer energy within itself

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

the sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

serves as means of transport within the cell and is made up of many channels

Question 9

Rough ER

Answer 9

has ribosomes on its surface. stores and delivers the proteins made by the attached ribosomes

Question 10

Smooth ER

Answer 10

free of ribosomes and found in variety of cells. Performs functions in different cells including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins. thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats.

Question 11

golgi complex

Answer 11

modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes. these sacs are responsible for digesting cell structures that are no longer living, or malfunctioning, and for digestive waste

Question 13

cell wall

Answer 13

plant cells are surrounded by this. cell walls contain chloroplast. essential for protection of cell and maintenance of shape, and water balance.

Question 14

chloroplasts

Answer 14

contain chlorophyll which is necessary for photosynthesis

Question 15

vacuoles

Answer 15

plant cells have large ones. compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion, and storage

Question 16

tissues

Answer 16

cells with a common structure and function make up tissues

Question 17

Muscle tissue

Answer 17

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 18

Epithelial tissue

Answer 18

skin

the lining of organs

Question 19

Nervous tissue

Answer 19

Neurons

Question 20

Connective tissue

Answer 20

cartilage
blood
fat
bone

Question 21

organ

Answer 21

various tissues are combined into an organ

Question 22

diffusion

Answer 22

particles move in a random manner, spreading evenly throughout an available space and moving from regions of high concentration to those of low concentration, osmosis is a type of diffusion that is water

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

water moves from area of high water concentration (low particle concentration) to an area of low water concentration (high particle concentration)

Question 24

primary consumers

Answer 24

herbivores (plant eaters)

omnivores (plant and meat eaters)

Question 25

secondary consumers

Answer 25

carnivores (meat eaters) or omnivores that eat herbivores

Question 26

Tertiary consumers

Answer 26

carnivores that eat other carnivores or omnivores

Question 27

autotrophs

Answer 27

produce own food from inorganic substances

plants are autotrophs

Question 28

Heterotrophs

Answer 28

obtain their food by consuming other plants or animals

Question 29

decomposers

Answer 29

bacteria and fungi which consume nonliving organic material and release inorganic material

Question 30

photosynthesis

Answer 30

chlorophyll located in the chloroplasts of plant cells, absorbs light energy. this energy drives the synthesis of food molecules

Question 31

photosynthesis

Answer 31

carbon dioxide + water + light energy —> carbohydrates + oxygen

Question 32

golgi apparatus

Answer 32

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.