General Ch. 6: Proteins

Question 1

What element do proteins have that distinguishes them from carbs and lipids?

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Question 2

What are peptides?

Answer 2

Fewer than 50 amino acids joined by peptide bonds

Question 3

What do multiple polypeptides combine to form?

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

What is the process by which proteins are constantly made and broken down, releasing amino acids into pool or using them for protein synthesis?

Answer 4

Protein turnover

Question 5

What is protein synthesis regulated by?

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

What blood disorder involves abnormal or flawed protein formation?

Answer 6

Sick-cell anemia

Question 7

What are the three steps of protein synthesis?

Answer 7

-Transcription
-Translation
-Elongation

Question 8

What happens when the amino acid pool reaches capacity?

Answer 8

Amino acids are broken down to their component parts for other uses

Question 9

What is the process of forming nonessential amino acids by transferring the nitrogen from one amino acid to a keto acid to form a new nonessential amino acid?

Answer 9

Transanimation

Question 10

Which type of nitrogen balance involves the body retaining more nitrogen than it excretes?

Answer 10

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 11

Which type of nitrogen balance involves the body excreting more than its taking in?

Answer 11

Negative nitrogen balance

Question 12

Which type of nitrogen balance is seen in pregnant women, growing children/adolescents, and some athletes?

Answer 12

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 13

Which type of nitrogen balance is seen post-surgery, during medical trauma, while fighting an infection, or while healing?

Answer 13

Negative nitrogen balance

Question 14

What is the RDA for protein?

Answer 14

0.8 g/kcal daily for adults over 18

Question 15

What is the AMDR for protein?

Answer 15

10-35% of total daily kcals

Question 16

Which type of proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids, are from animal sources, and are high-quality?

Answer 16

Complete proteins

Question 17

Which type of proteins are low in 1+ essential amino acids, are from plant sources, and are low-quality?

Answer 17

Incomplete proteins

Question 18

Which type of proteins are formed from combining an incomplete protein with a food that supplies the lacking amino acids?

Answer 18

Complementary proteins

Question 19

Which animal protein is INCOMPLETE?

Answer 19

Gelatin

Question 20

Which 2 plant proteins are COMPLETE?

Answer 20

Quinoa and Soy

Question 21

What causes Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?

Answer 21

Eating too little protein

Question 22

What is PEM?

Answer 22

Protein Energy Malnutrition:
-Protein is used for energy rather than its other functions
-More prevalent in infants/children

Question 23

What type of vegetarian includes dairy foods?

Answer 23

Lacto-vegetarian

Question 24

What type of vegetarian includes dairy and eggs

Answer 24

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Question 25

What type of vegetarian includes eggs?

Answer 25

Ovo-vegetarian

Question 26

What type of vegetarian includes NO animal products whatsoever?

Answer 26

Vegan

Question 27

What type of vegetarian includes fish?

Answer 27

Pescetarian

Question 28

What type of vegetarian occasionally includes meats, fish, and poultry?

Answer 28

Semivegetarian

Question 29

What type of supplement may be necessary for vegetarians to take?

Answer 29

Vitamins/Minerals