General Chapter 1 Flashcards
(19 cards)
France destruction
20 000 industrial sites destroyed
2.5 million hectares of agricultural land
20 000 kilometres of railways
2000 bridges destroyed
60 000 kilometres of road
Destruction of monarchy
Russian tsar and family killed
Monarchy in Bulgaria, Germany and Austria-Hungary in exile
1918 wartime treaty
Treaty of London
Russia and Germany absent
Bolshevik government not recognised having failed to pay loans and made secret treaties
Germany blamed for the war
Fourteen points
1 No more secret treaties
2 Freedom of the seas
4 Disarmament in all countries
10 Self-determination
14 Set up a League of Nations
Fourteen points not implemented
American 1918 midterm elections
Republicans won control of both Houses of Congress, plan was too idealistic
France harsh on Germany
Germanys invasion of France in 1870 and 1914
What Georges Clemenceau wanted
Disarmament of Germanys airforce, navy and army
Reparations for railways…
Return of Alsace Lorraine
The Saarland
The Rhineland to be independent
Some of Germanys colonies
What did David Lloyd want
National self-interest
Re-establish balance of power in Europe
Re-establish trading patterns with with Europe and colonies as it had lost its place as the world’s financial centre to the USA
Preserve British naval supremacy
Economic recovery for Europe including Germany
Prioritised national self interest
Structure of Paris Peace conference
6 plenary sessions all 32 countries attended for League of Nations
Council of four (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) made work given to commissions(not part of the great powers)
Rhineland
Buffer zone for France
Or self-determination stay German
British didn’t want France to have so much power
Rhineland just became demilitarised, France was given assurances that USA and Britain would help if they were attacked
Saarland
France wanted it for compensation, Lloyd agreed but area was German so UsA opposed
Given to the League for 15 years, then a plebiscite would be held
Key terms of the Treaty
D Diktat
-not negotiable
R high Reperations($33billion)
-money and resources like coal
A disArmament
-100 000 soldiers and six ships
W War guilt
-caused all other demands
L Loss of territory
- colonies given to Allied powers
-union with Austria forbiddin
-war gained land made independent
-polish corridor
-Alsace Lorraine given to France
Dolchstoss
Conspiracy theory that the political leaders were to blame for the loss of Germany, this included primarily Jews
Political murders
Right-wing gang, Organisation Consul
Murdered Matthias Erzberger the finance minister
Murdered Walther Rathenau the foreign minister
Militia groups in Germany
Many ex soldiers joined the Freikorps-right wing
Kapp Putsch tried to overthrow the Weimar Republic and set up a right-wing government led by Wolfgang Kapp
Munich Putsch by Hitler-right wing
Spartacists were left-wing
Things that Germany had lost but still were expected to pay reparations
$33 billion reparations
13% of its land
25% of its coal deposits
75% of its iron ore deposits
All its colonies
Ruhr
Unable to deliver quota on timber or coal
Raymond Poincaré sent troops to the region to test the Treaty
60 000 troops sent
Weimar government called for a workers strike
Bloody Easter-13 German workers killed
Hyperinflation
300 paper mills and 2000 printing businesses were working all day
Strikes called of by coalition government led by Gustav Stresemann
German marks collected and destroyed, new currency the Retenmark was established
Dawes plan started out of sympathy from the USA
