General chemistry: Atomic Structure Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a cation?
A positively charged atom
What is an anion?
A negatively charged atom
What is the atomic number?
Number of protons in the element
What are isotopes?
Atoms that share the same atomic number but have different mass numbers
Which of the following will cause the entire element to change of this changes?
A. # of protons B. # of neutrons
C. # of electrons D. Mass #
A. # of protons
What did Rutherford propose?
- The atom has a nucleus
- The nucleus accounts for a small fraction of atomic volume
What did Bohr propose?
According to the Bohr model, the electrons encircle the nucleus of the atom in specific allowable paths called orbits. When the electron is in one of these orbits, its energy is fixed. Bohr explained that electrons could be moved into different orbits (jump to excited state) with the addition of energy.
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
No two electrons in a given atom can possess the same set of of 4 quantum numbers
What are quantum numbers?
n = the principal quantum number
l = Azimuthal
ml = Magnetic
ms = spin
What did Plank hypothesize?
- postulated that energy (E) is released as electromagnetic radiation in packages known as quanta
- Energy released = plank constant X frequency of the photon/ radiation. E = hf or hc/ lambda
Plank’s constant = h = 6.626 * 10^-34 J*s
If n=1, what orbital is the electron in?
S orbital
What is the range for ml?
*The quantum # not milliliters lol
negative l to positive l
What is the range for ms?
+1/2 or -1/2: Depends if it is spun up or down
What do quantum numbers correspond with?
Electron configuration
What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
It is impossible to know both an electron’s position and its momentum at the exact same time
What is Hund’s rule?
Subshells with multiple orbitals fill electrons so that every orbital in the subshell gets one electron before any other orbital gets a second electron.
What are parallel spins?
Electrons in different orbitals and have the same ms value
What is the formula for the azimuthal quantum number L?
n - 1
What is the formula that describes the max number of electrons that can fill a subshell?
2L+ 2
What are the only 2 isotopes for hydrogen?
H 1 and D 2
What is the percent composition of hydrogen by isotope, assuming H1 and D2 are the only 2 isotopes of Hydrogen?
99.992% H1
0.008% D2
