General & Comprehensive Flashcards
(77 cards)
Allopurinol and colchicine each is used when?
allopurinol - maintenance to keep uric acid low
colchicine - acute gout attack
Dysdiadochokinesia refers to:
Neuro triad of symptoms with gait, memory, and speech - common in MS.
How do antioxidants help MS?
- MS is believed to be destruction of myelin sheaths via oxidation by oxygen-free radicals. Antioxidants (i.e. cranberries) may benefit.
Someone with post-polio symptoms, wearing leg brace, why do you have them keep their affected from the exposure to cold or chilling?
- Cold temperatures can cause loss of muscle strength in the affected group muscle (“cold limb”)
How do you tell a migraine from a tension HA?
- Sleep pattern disturbances (too little). Alcohol, lighting, noxious stimuli, stress can all trigger both HAs.
ALP is found mostly where?
Liver (mainly), then bones
ALP high, GGT high
liver problem
ALP high, GGT normal
bone disease (Paget’s disease)
AST high, GGT high
liver problem (alcohol abuse)
What chemical in the CNS change during a migraine?
- Serotonin levels decrease
What are the differences of symptoms that show in a TIA of ANTERIOR cerebral circulation vs. POSTERIOR?
- Anterior: behavior and cognition disorders
- Posterior: b/l vision disturbance with diplopia, dysarthria, motor/sensory b/l
In a pt who has sustained a closed head injury, lethargic, follow commands slowly, what abnormal VS will alert you?
- Increase in BP, decrease HR increasing cerebral edema and ICP
Child with purpuric rash with centrifugal distribution (with well-demarcated borders) and fever.
- Meningococcemia; due to impairment of protein C anticoagulation pathway
Tx for myasthenia gravis:
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) (Ach-ase inhibitor)
Horner’s syndrome:
- Horney PAMELa = Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis, Enophthalmos, Loss of ciliospinal reflex)
- Due to lesion or compression of one side of the cervical or thoracic sympathetic chain which generates symptoms on the ipsilateral (same side as lesion) side of the body.
- Congenital, tumor, iatrogenic (meds)
Where is AST and ALT found?
AST = S for skeletal, myocardium, brain, kidneys (major organs)
ALT = L for liver
What is the circulatory 1/2 life of AST and ALT? What is important about this?
AST = 12-24 hrs ALT = 37-57 (longer)
ALT can detect hepatic damage even after damage has ceased.
However, remember AST > ALT indicates alcohol, statin, and tylenol use. And ALT > AST indicates infectious hepatitis.
urine has conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin?
conjugated
what medication for gout oversecretors? undersecretors?
- oversecretors: allopurinol
- undersecretors (90%): probenecid
Homonymous hemianopia:
- Loss of vision in both eyes in either the R or L half of the visual field; due to CVA
Where is the best place to evaluate skin turgor in adult?
- Just below the clavicle or abdomen
What skin disorder is sometimes associated with arthritis but may not be directed associated?
- Psoriasis (psoriatic arthritis)
Difference between nummular eczema and dyshidrotic eczema?
- Nummular: coin-liked plaques, discoid, chronic pruritic, papules and vesicles on erythematous base
- Dyshidrotic: no evidence of sweating, bullous form called pompholyx, d/t emotional stress
Maculopapular skin lesion on back, warty, scaly, greasy, light tan.
- Seborrheic keratosis (raised, tan-brown)
