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NBCE 2 > General Diagnosis > Flashcards

General Diagnosis Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Case history components

A

CC, present & past illness, family/occupational/social Hx, ROS

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2
Q

Vital signs

A

Temp (bacterial: sustained) (viral: spikes), BP (systole 110-140) (diastole 60-90), PP (30-40)

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3
Q

Icterus

A

Jaundice

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4
Q

Cataracts

A

Absent red light reflex, lens opacity

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5
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Absent red light reflex, flashing lights, falling curtain

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6
Q

Intracranial pressure

A

Papilledema

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7
Q

Intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

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8
Q

Arcus senilis

A

Insignificant; elderly

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9
Q

Corneal arcus

A

Significant if under 30 yrs

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10
Q

Diabetic retinopathy (eyes)

A

Waxy exudates & microaneurysms

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11
Q

Hypertension (eyes)

A

Flame hg, cotton wool, copper wires

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12
Q

MS & migraines

A

Scintillating scotomas (neuro/vascular)

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13
Q

Drusen/coloboma

A

Normal background abnormalities

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14
Q

Crusty ear discharge

A

Otitis externa, swimmer’s ear

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15
Q

Bulging tympanum

A

Otitis media

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16
Q

Retracted tympanum

A

Serous (bubbly) or altitude

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17
Q

Myringitis (ears)

A

Redness (acute infection)

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18
Q

Black (ears)

A

Perforation

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19
Q

Pearly gray (ears)

A

Normal

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20
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Chalky white eardrum

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21
Q

Sensorineural loss causes

A

Presbycusis, neuroma, Meniere’s

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22
Q

Conduction loss causes

A

Infections, cerumen, otosclerosis

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23
Q

Red (nose)

A

Acute rhinitis

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24
Q

Pale/gray/blue (nose)

Study These Flashcards
A

Allergies & chronic ‘itis’ problems

25
Foul discharge (nose)
Foreign object
26
Clear discharge/bloody (nose)
CSF
27
Watery unilateral (nose)
Cribiform plate fracture
28
Depressed bridge
Possible nasal bone fracture
29
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
30
Polyp
Mass in mucosa
31
Normal nasal mucosa
Deep pink with firm turbinates
32
Malignant lymph node
Non-mobile, non-tender
33
Benign lymph node
Mobile and tender
34
Right sided lymph drainage
Collected from right upper torso, limb and head
35
Left sided lymph drainage
All left and lower right
36
Pancreatitis vs carcinoma
T10, epigastrium, fetal position, alcoholism, ecchymosis/flanks
37
DM (pancreas)
Increased insulin --> then none, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
38
Pancreas tests
FBS & GTT, glycosylated hemoglobin, A1C
39
Type I
Juvenile, thin, insulin dependent
40
Type 2
Obese, receptor site malfunction
41
Gestational
Dangerous
42
Gallbladder
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis; Murphy's sign, RUQ pain | Female, multiparous, flatulence, distension, obese, R scapular pain, jaundice & steatorrhea
43
Appendicitis
WBC 17500, neutrophilia, schilling's shift, RLQ Periumbilical pain --> McBurney's --> relief with rupture --> peritonitis (Blumberg's sign = rebound tenderness) Rovsings (pressure LLQ) Markle (heel jar) Psoas test
44
Peptic ulcers (stomach)
Gastric, duodenal, barium study, infection, H. pylori
45
Cancer (stomach)
Virchow's node on LEFT, occult blood in stool
46
Gastritis
Elderly, alcohol, B12 malabsorption, PLS
47
B12
Eat extrinsic factor (aka cyanocobalamin) | Parietal cells in gut secrete HCL and intrinsic factor
48
B12 needed for...
RBC maturation and myelination of nerves
49
B12 deficiency
Big reticulocytes (immature RBC) and demyelination and sclerosis of nerves
50
B12 pathology
Chronic gastritis (diet, proton inhib pump, meds) degrades parietal cells --> no intrinsic factor --> pernicious anemia (reticulocytosis) px pale and fatigued --> posterolateral sclerosis (aka combined systems disease) produces stocking and glove paresthesia
51
Test B12 pathology
B12 assay, schillings test, achlorhydria | Treatment: intramuscular injection
52
Diverticulitis (colon)
Outpouching; lack of fiber or elderly
53
Cancer (colon)
Abrupt constipation, follows polyps
54
Crohn's
Skip lesions, string sign, rectal bleeding
55
Ulcerative colitis
Stress, bloody diarrhea, megacolon, stool transplant (for microbiota)
56
Obstruction
Early: increased | Distal and late: decreased
57
Ascites
Fluid in abdomen (puddle sign) indicates organ failure
58
Aborborygmi
Listen >5 mins

NBCE 2 (1 decks)

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