GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY

Question 1

What is embryology?

Answer 1

Study of the development of single individual from the

egg to the adult condition

Question 2

What are the two stages of human development?

Answer 2

Prenatal period- Before birth

Postnatal period-After birth

Question 3

What is ovum/oocyte?

Answer 3

Female germ cell (gamete) produced in the ovaries

Question 4

What is sperm?

Answer 4

Male germ cell (gamete) produced in the testes

Question 5

What is fertilization?

Answer 5

Fusion in between male and female pronuclei of male and

female germ cells

Question 6

What is zygote?

Answer 6

Cell results from the union of an ovum/oocyte and a sperm

during fertilization

Question 7

How do you calculate expected date of delivery?

Answer 7

Nagele’s rule : EDD = ((LMP + 1 year + 7 days) – 3

months)

Question 8

What is cleavage?

Answer 8

Series of mitotic cell divisions occurring in the zygote
immediately following fertilization; cell formed -
blastomeres

Question 9

What is Morula?

Answer 9

Solid mass of 12 to about 32 blastomeres

Question 10

What is Blastocyst?

Answer 10

Morula that contains a fluid-filled cavity

Question 11

What is Implantation?

Answer 11

Attachment of blastocyst to the endometrium (lining of uterus)

Question 12

What is Gastrula?

Answer 12

3-germ layered embryo

Question 13

What is Nerula?

Answer 13

Development of neural tube from neural plate

Question 14

What is embryo?

Answer 14

The developing human from conception to 8 weeks after fertilization

Question 15

What is organogenesis?

Answer 15

Part of embryonic period

weeks 3-8

Question 16

How is the size of the developing human measured during embryonic period?

Answer 16

Measured as crown-rump length (CRL)-sitting height

Question 17

What is fetus?

Answer 17

The developing human
after the embryonic
period

Question 18

What is the length of time in which the developing human is referred to as a fetus?

Answer 18

From week 9 to term
or birth (week 38)

Question 19

How is fetus measured?

Answer 19

Measurement is

crown-heel length-standing height

Question 20

When is pregnancy said to reach term?

Answer 20

37 - 42 weeks

Question 21

What is pre-term delivery?

Answer 21

birth before 37 weeks

Question 22

What is post-term delivery?

Answer 22

birth after 42 weeks

Question 23

What is abortion and miscarriage?

Answer 23

The birth of the developing human (embryo or fetus)

before it becomes viable: before the 20th week

Question 24

What is the infant period?

Answer 24

Birth to the first year

An infant aged one month or less is called a newborn or neonate

Question 25

What is childhood period?

Answer 25

Period from about 13 months until puberty

Question 26

What is puberty period?

Answer 26

Period during which secondary sexual characteristics develop 12-15 years in girls; 13-16 years in boys

Question 27

What is adolescence period?

Answer 27

Period from about 11 to 19 years of age, which is characterized by rapid physical and sexual maturation

Question 28

When is adulthood?

Answer 28

Attainment of full maturity Generally between ages of 18 and 21 years

Question 29

What is oblique plane?

Answer 29

Not pass through any of these standard plane

Question 30

Recall the anatomical terms used to describe fetus?

Answer 30

Anterior -ventral Posterior - dorsal Superiorcranial/cephalic/rostral Inferior - caudal (tail) Proximal or distal relative to source of attachment

Question 31

Recall the planes used to describe fetus?

Answer 31

``` Median or midsagittal Parasagittal Transverse Coronal Oblique ```

Question 32

What is Spermatogenesis?

Answer 32

Formation of male gamete

Question 33

What is oogenesis?

Answer 33

Formation of female gamete

Question 34

What are gametes?

Answer 34

Cells that carry out special function of reproduction

Question 35

What are gonands?

Answer 35

organs where gametes are | formed

Question 36

What is the male gamete?

Answer 36

sperm

Question 37

What is the female gamete?

Answer 37

ovum

Question 38

From what cells to gametes develop?

Answer 38

primordial germ cells

Question 39

What are the parts of the male gamete (spermatozoa)?

Answer 39

Head, Neck and Tail

Question 40

What does the head consist of?

Answer 40

Forms bulk of sperm 1. A nucleus which contains 23 chromosomes 2. Acrosome (acrosomic cap)

Question 41

What is acrosome?

Answer 41

covering the anterior two thirds of the nucleus, has enzymes which help the sperm to enter the female gamete

Question 42

What is neck of spermatozoa?

Answer 42

narrow junction between head and tail, contains a centriole

Question 43

What is tail of spermatozoa?

Answer 43

consists of 3 segments – middle piece, principal piece and end piece Tail provides the motility of the sperm Middle piece of tail contains mitochondria

Question 44

What is Spermatocytogeneis?

Answer 44

Formation of spermatids from spermatogonia

Question 45

What is Spermiogenesis?

Answer 45

Development of sperm from spermatids