General features

Question 1

What are 3 cranial meninges?

Answer 1

1) Dura mater (line skull)
2) Arachnoid mater
3) Pia mater (line brain)

Question 2

What are 2 layers of dura mater?

Answer 2

1) Endosteal (outer)
2) Meningeal (inner)

Question 3

Which mater is invisible to naked eye?

Answer 3

Pia mater

Question 4

State arterial supply to brain (3)?

Answer 4

1) Internal carotid system (pair of carotid arteries).
2) Vertebro-basilar system (pair of vertebral arteries).
3) Circle of Willis (association 2 systems)

Question 5

State venous drainage of brain (2)?

Answer 5

1) Cerebral veins
2) Dural venous sinuses

Question 6

Label

Answer 6

Question 7

What are sulci?
What are gyri?

Answer 7

Sulci- grooves
Gyri- bumps

Question 8

Function of cerebellum?

Answer 8

Motor control posture, muscle tone, movement co-ordination

Question 9

Function occipital lobes?

Answer 9

Primary visual cortex

Question 10

Where is primary somatosensory cortex located?
Function?

Answer 10

Parietal lobe- post central gyrus
Motor skills

Question 11

Where is hippocampus and amygdala located?

Answer 11

Temporal lobe

Question 12

Where is wernicke’s area located?
Where is broca’s area located?

Answer 12

Wernickes- temporal lobe, language comprehension
Brocas- frontal cortex, speech production

Question 13

Patient know what say but can’t produce words what is damaged?
Where?

Answer 13

Broca’s area
Frontal cortex

Question 14

Patient can produce words but doesn’t make sense?
Where?

Answer 14

Wernickes
Temporal lobe

Question 15

Function and location of insula?

Answer 15

Deep lateral sulcus
Risk and reward

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

What connects the two hemispheres?

Answer 17

Corpus collosum

Question 18

Label
Function?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus
Homeostasis

Question 19

Label

Answer 19

Question 20

label
especially broca wernicke

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Function of parietal lobe?
Which colour

Answer 22

Process sensory info
Pink

Question 23

Function frontal lobe?
What is found here?

Answer 23

Motor function
Brocas area- language- damaged limited words
Blue

Question 24

Function temporal lobe?
What is found here?
Which colour?

Answer 24

Process auditory info
Wernickes- damaged can’t form sentences but understand
Auditory cortex
Purple

Question 25

Where is auditory cortex found? Which colour

Answer 25

Temporal lobe Purple

Question 26

Function occipital lobe? Which colour

Answer 26

Primary visual and visual association cortex Green

Question 27

Function of hippocampus?

Answer 27

Long term memory formation

Question 28

Function amygdala?

Answer 28

Reward and fear

Question 29

Label

Answer 29

Question 30

Where are dural venous sinuses located?

Answer 30

Between periosteal and meningeal layers

Question 31

Where do all dural venous sinuses ultimately drain?

Answer 31

Internal jugular vein

Question 32

Explain drainage brain?

Answer 32

1) Straight, superior and inferior saggital sinus converge at confluence of sinus 2) Transverse sinus curves into sigmoid which meets internal jugular vein

Question 33

Where is CSF located?

Answer 33

Subarachnoid space (cisterns) Between arachnoid and pia

Question 34

Between which dura is CSF fluid found?

Answer 34

Subarachnoid space Between arachnoid and pia

Question 35

Label

Answer 35

Question 36

What dura is involved in BBB?

Answer 36

Pia mater

Question 37

How is BBB adapted to function? (4)

Answer 37

1) Adjacent endothelial cells bonded tight junctions- prevent molecules passing between them 2) Basement membrane unfenestrated 3) Pericytes in BM- regulate capillary blood flow, immunity and vascular permeability 4) Astrocytes extend processes- restrict flow of molecules into CNS

Question 38

Function pericytes?

Answer 38

Regulate capillary blood flow, immunity and vascular permeability

Question 39

State meninges in order?

Answer 39

Dura (outside) Arachnoid Pia (inside) DAP

Question 40

What is meningitis?

Answer 40

Inflammation of meninges

Question 41

Where is extradural haemorage? Where is subdural haemorrage? Where is a subarachnoid haemorrage?

Answer 41

Extradural- skull and dura Subdural- dura and arachnoid Subarachnoid- arachnoid and pia mater

Question 42

What is most likely cause of berry aneurysm?

Answer 42

Subarachnoid haemorrage

Question 43

What 3 things make up BBB?

Answer 43

1) Endothelial cells of capillaries 2) Basement membrane-lie between endothelial cells and astrocytic end 3) Astrocytic end-feet themselves

Question 44

What prevents passage of substances from circulation into nervous tissue?

Answer 44

BBB

Question 45

How does arterial blood arrive to skull?

Answer 45

1) Internal carotid arteries (20%) 2) Vertebral artery (80%)

Question 46

Draw circle of willis?

Answer 46

Question 47

Why is circle of willis important?

Answer 47

If blockage at one point theoretically still supply

Question 48

What arteries supply blood to cerebrum? What bits

Answer 48

Anterior- medial Middle- lateral Posterior- medial and lateral posterior parts

Question 49

Outline venous drainage of brain?

Answer 49

Question 50

What are two types venous drainage?

Answer 50

Superficial and deep

Question 51

Outline superficial venous drainage?

Answer 51

Superior cerebral veins drains into superior saggital sinus Superficial middle cerebral vein drain via anastomotic vein into superior saggital sinus, transverse sinus (middle), cavernous sinus (internal)

Question 52

Outline deep venous drainage?

Answer 52

Internal cerebral veins and basal veins unite form great cerebral vein Great cerebral vein drains into straight sinus

Question 53

What 3 sinuses does the superficial middle cerebral vein drain into?

Answer 53

1) Superior saggital sinus 2) Transverse sinus (middle) 3) Cavernous sinus (internal)

Question 54

What produces CSF?

Answer 54

Choroid plexus Lateral ventricles

Question 55

What is drainage of CSF?

Answer 55

1) Lateral ventricles 2) Munroe 3) Third ventricle 4) Cerebral aqueduct 5) Fourth ventricle

Question 56

Give 3 functions of CSF?

Answer 56

1) Protection- act cushion 2) Buoyancy 3) Chemical stability

Question 57

Label

Answer 57

Question 58

Label colour

Answer 58

Yellow- Putamen Yellow end green- amygdala Green- caudate nucleus Blue- ventricles

Question 59

Label

Answer 59

Question 60

State pathway of CSF?

Answer 60

1) Lateral ventricle 2) Interventricular foramen of Munroe 3) Third ventricle 4) Cerebral aqueduct 5) Fourth ventricle 6) Median foramen magendie and lateral foramen of luschka (M is medial) (L is lateral) 7) Subarachnoid

Question 61

Answer 61

Question 62

Function arachnoid granulations?

Answer 62

Reabsorb CSF

Question 63

How is CSF reabsorbed?

Answer 63

Via arachnoid granulations