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General flying cards Flashcards

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1
Q

Four elements that cause left turning tendency

A
  1. Torque reaction from engine and propellar
  2. Corkscrewing effect of the slipstream
  3. Gyroscopic action of the propellar
  4. Asymmetric loading of the propellar (P factor)
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2
Q

Explain Torque reaction (left turning tendency)

A

The propellar spins clockwise (when facing from pilot’s seat) and causes the plane to roll the opposite direction - newtons third law

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3
Q

Explain Corkscrew effect (left turning tendency)

A

The propellar gives a corkscrew/spiraling rotation to the slipstream

The slip stream exerts a sideways force on the vertical tail surface and causes it to yaw

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4
Q

Explain gyroscopic action (left turning tendency)

A

Any time a force is applied to deflect the propellar out of its plane of rotation, the resulting force is 90 degrees ahead of and in the direction of application - causes a pitching and yawing moment depending on the point at which the force was applied.

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5
Q

Explain asymmetric loading (p factor)

A

When in a high AOA the downward moving blade has a bigger “bite” than the upward moving blade - moves center of thrust to the right and causes a yawing moment to the left

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6
Q

Three types of parasite drag

A

form, interference and skin friction

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7
Q

Induced drag

A

caused by the same factors that produce lift; amount varies inversely with airspeed

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8
Q

As airspeed decreases, the angle of attack must increase in turn ____ induced drag

A

increasing

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9
Q

Intensity of strength of wingtip vortices is directly proportional to

A

weight of an aircraft

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10
Q

Aircraft will create wingtip vortices with max strength during

A

High AOA times

takeoff, climb, landing

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11
Q

Boundary layer separation

A

Point in streamline where airflow no longer adheres to the airfoil

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12
Q

Wake turbulence

A

Wingtip vortices that are created when an airplane generates lift. Air spills over the wingtips from the high pressure areas below the wings to the low pressure areas above them and causes wingtip vortices = wake turbulence

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13
Q

Tail down force is a result of

A

Propellar slip stream, wing downwash, stabilator AOA

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14
Q

Gas weight

A

6lb/gal

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15
Q

Forces of flight

A

thrust, weight, lift, drag

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16
Q

Thrust

A

forward force produced by propellar

opposes or overcomes the force of drag

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17
Q

What is drag in aviation

A

A rearward, retarding force caused by the disruption of airflow by the wing, rotor, fuselage, and other protruding objects.

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18
Q

Angle of attack (AOA)

A

the angle between the wing chord and the direction of the relative wind

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19
Q

Intensity of strength of wingtip vortices is inversely proportional to

A

wingspan and speed of the aircraft

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20
Q

Standard temperature at sea level

A

15 degrees celsius

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21
Q

Best gliding angle PIPER warrior II

A

73 KIAS

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22
Q

Risk mitigation pnemonic

A

IMSAFE

Illness
Medication
Stress
Alcohol
Fatigue
Emotion

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23
Q

5p process

A

The plan
The plane
The pilot
The passengers
The programming

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24
Q

3p process

A

Perceive
Process
Perform

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25
Order of Right of Way (from most to least priority):
Aircraft in distress Gliders and balloons Aircraft towing or refueling another aircraft Airships Airplanes, powered-lift, rotorcraft, weight-shift-control, and powered parachutes
26
Head-On Approach (right of way rule)
Each pilot shall alter course to the right
27
Converging aircraft (same category - right of way rule)
The aircraft to the other's right has the right of way
28
Overtaking aircraft (right of way rule)
Aircraft being overtaken has the right of way The overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right
29
Landing aircraft (right of way rule)
An aircraft on final approach or landing has the right of way over other aircraft in flight or operating on the surface. If two or more aircraft are approaching to land, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right of way but should not cut in front of or overtake another aircraft on final approach.
30
Steady green light gun signal
Cleared to land or take off
31
Flashing green light gun signal
Return for landing or cleared to taxi
32
Steady red light gun signal
give way to other aircraft or stop
33
Flashing red light gun signal
Airport unsafe; do not land or taxi clear of runway
34
Flashing white light gun signal
Return to starting point on airport
35
Alternating red and green light gun signal
exercise extreme caution
36
VFR fuel requirements - day
For daytime VFR flights, you must have enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, plus at least 30 minutes at normal cruising speed.
37
VFR fuel requirements - night
For nighttime VFR flights, you must have enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing, plus at least 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
38
VFR cruising altitude more than 3000 feet above surface (magnetic course 0-179)
Maintain odd thousand foot MSL altitudes plus 500 feet (e.g., 3,500 ft, 5,500 ft).
39
VFR cruising altitude more than 3000 feet above surface (magnetic course 180-359)
Maintain even thousand foot MSL altitudes plus 500 feet (e.g., 4,500 ft, 6,500 ft).
40
Before any cross-country flight you must:
obtain and analyze pertinent weather reports and forecasts prepare a flight plan, including plotting courses and waypoints estimate times en route and fuel required
41
Required documents for pilots when flying
pilot certificate medical certificate government-issued photo
42
To remain a pilot you must have a flight review every ___ months including ___ hour ground and ___ hour flight instruction
24 1 1
43
Alternatives to flight review
Completion of pilot proficiency check or new certificate/rating. Participation in FAA Wings program.
44
Recent flight experience to carry passangers
Three takeoffs and landings in the preceding 90 days. Landings must be to a full stop if in a tailwheel airplane. At night: Three takeoffs and landings to a full stop during night conditions. Night defined as one hour after sunset to one hour before sunrise.
45
Alcohol rules
Cannot act as a crewmember: Within 8 hours after consuming alcohol ("bottle to throttle"). While under the influence of alcohol. With a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04% or greater. While using any drug that affects faculties contrary to safety.
46
Pilots must use oxygen when flying:
Above 12,500 feet MSL up to 14,000 feet MSL for flights over 30 minutes. Above 14,000 feet MSL at all times.
47
Oxygen must be provided to passangers above ____ MSL
15000
48
Seat belt rules for pilots
Wear seat belts at all times when at their station. Wear shoulder harnesses during takeoff and landing (if equipped). PIC must brief passengers on seat belt use.
49
Passengers must use seat belts when
during taxi, takeoff, and landing.
50
What makes something a High Performance Aircraft
Aircraft with an engine over 200 horsepower.
51
What makes something a Complex aircraft
Aircraft with retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable-pitch propeller.
52
Required aircraft documentation
Airworthiness certificate Registration Operating limitations (AFM/POH, placards) Weight and balance data
53
Annual inspection required
every 12 months
54
100-hour inspection
Required for aircraft used for hire or flight instruction for hire
55
Transponder inspection
every 24 months
56
ELT inspection
every 12 months
57
Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) purpose
Transmit distress signals after an accident to aid in search and rescue.
58
Definition of accident
An occurrence where substantial damage occurs or a person is killed or seriously injured
59
Definition of an incident
An occurrence other than an accident that affects safety.
60
When to replace ELT battery
when is has 50 percent or less battery when it has been on for more than one cumulative hour
61
Minimum altitude over congested area of a city, town, or settlement
1000 feet above the highest obstacle within 2000 foot horizontal radius of the aircraft
62
Minimum altitude over other than congested areas
500 feet above the surface
63
VFR Flight plan information required
1. Aircraft ID and call sign 2. Aircraft type 3. Full name and address of PIC 4. Point and proposed time of departure 5. Proposed route, cruising altitude, and true airspeed at that altitude 6. The point of first intended landing and the estimated elapsed time until over that point 7. The amount of fuel on board (in hours) 8. Number of persons in the aircraft 9. Any other infromation PIC or ATC believes is necessary.
64

Private Pilot (4 decks)

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