general info

Question 1

During prenatal dev’t when the neural tube fails to close completely, the child will be born with this deformity:

Answer 1

Spina bifida

Question 2

when a portion of the entire upper or lower limb fails to form normally or does not form when the baby is developing in the uterus

Answer 2

congenital limb deficiency

Question 3

key characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 3

• small eyes and thin upper lip
• impaired learning, attention, memory, motor skills
• withdrawal causing: irritability, restlessness, increased muscle tone

Question 4

marijuana use is associated with the following characteristics in a newborn:

Answer 4

attention deficits

impulsivity

Question 5

the following are associated with smoking cigarettes during prenatal dev’t

Answer 5

smaller brain mass
smaller size
IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation

Question 6

defined as less than 10 percent of predicted fetal weight for gestational age, may result in significant fetal morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed.

Commonly caused by smoking cigarettes

Answer 6

IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation

Question 7

syndrome resulting from the use of heroine, opioids, oxycodone, or methadone during pregnancy

Answer 7

neonatal abstinence syndrome

Question 8

associated symptoms resulting from neonatal abstinence syndrome:

Answer 8

tremors
jerks
exaggerated moro
irritability, CNS cry

Question 9

this scoring method is used for weaning a baby off of a prenatal drug addiction

Answer 9

Modified finnegan score

Question 10

normal sleep cycles in infants develop during these weeks of prenatal development

Answer 10

26-28

Question 11

typical gestation period

Answer 11

40 weeks

Question 12

viability of preterm birth is ___ weeks

Answer 12

22

Question 13

prenatal infants can feel pain at __ weeks

Answer 13

20

Question 14

Rapid prenatal brain development occurs during this trimester…

Answer 14

last trimester

Question 15

more changes occur in the brain from 28-40 weeks gestation than from birth to _____

Answer 15

adulthood

Question 16

major changes from 24-34 weeks of gestation (4)

Answer 16

cell migration
intense cell proliferation
myelination
programmed cell death

Question 17

Newly proliferated neurons that are used continue to _______, neurons that are not used will _______.

If stress and pain are intense during cell proliferation, these cells will ____.

Proper positioning of limbs and motor patterns need to be influenced so that these neurons will _____.

Answer 17

1 develop
2 die
3 live
4 live

Question 18

inhibitory tracts that block out noxious stimuli like vison/light, movement, sound, and pain are ____ to develop

Answer 18

last

Question 19

Preterm infants will be able to properly filter noxious and painful stimuli within their brain. T or F

Answer 19

False - last tracts to develop

Question 20

flexor tone in the LEs begins to develop at

Answer 20

30-32 weeks

Question 21

flexor tone in the UEs begins to develop at

Answer 21

36 weeks

Question 22

normal, physiological flexor tone is normal at ___ weeks from positioning in the uterus, premature infants do not have this because they are “floating” in fluid

Answer 22

36

Question 23

preterm infants have more type ___ muscle fibers, decreasing their endurance

Answer 23

type II

Question 24

higher proportion of type II muscle fibers in preterm infants means that breathing may be hard due to fatigue of ___ muscles

Answer 24

respiratory

Question 25

skin-to-skin contact that soothes infants and helps them sleep

Answer 25

kangaroo care

Question 26

Description of grades I, II, III, IV periventricular hemorrhage

Answer 26

I + II will resolve on their own III shows ventricle enlargement with imaging IV hemorrhaging into white matter

Question 27

periventricular hemorrhage is often unilateral/bilateral and shows no signs until after d/c

Answer 27

unilateral

Question 28

What grade of periventricular hemorrhage indicates the need for PT?

Answer 28

grade IV

Question 29

Grade IV PVH and CLD is an indicator for PT. T or F

Answer 29

True | Periventricular hemorrhage, congenital limb deficiency

Question 30

- caused by reduction in cerebral flow (resuscitative difficulty at birth) - most common sequela is spastic diplegia seen after a period of hypotonia (mainly effects LEs)

Answer 30

Periventricular Leukomalacia

Question 31

occurs from a lack of O2 at birth, and damage occurs with reperfusion of blood to the brain

Answer 31

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Question 32

associated with prolonged or difficult labor, causing paralysis or weakness following mechanical trauma

Answer 32

brachial plexus injury

Question 33

Closure performed within 24 to 48 hours | Joint contractures at hips, ankle dorsiflexors, and ankle evertors

Answer 33

spina bifida