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Lab Values > General Info > Flashcards

General Info Flashcards

1
Q

Latex allergies cross allergies

A

Banana
Apricots
Cherries
Grapes
Kiwi
Passion fruit
Avocado
Chestnuts
Tomatoes
Peaches

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2
Q

Cane walking

A

C. O. A. L

Cane
Opposite
Affected
Leg

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3
Q

Crutch walking

A

Going up stairs:
-good leg
-crutches
-bad leg

Going down stairs:
Opposite of going up

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4
Q

RNs do NOT delicate what they can EAT

A

E: evaluate
A: assess
T: teach

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5
Q

What disease require isolation precautions?

A

“My chicken hez TB”

Measles
Chicken pox
Herpes zoster
TB

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6
Q

Management for TB

A

Isolation
Negative pressure room
Private room
N-95

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7
Q

Droplet precautions:

A

Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Strep
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Parvovirus
Influenza
Diphtheria
Epiglottis
Rubella
Mumps
Adenovirus

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8
Q

Contact precautions

A

MRSA
VRSA
RSV
skin infection (herpes zoster, cutaneous diphtheria, impetigo, pediculosis, scabies, staph)
Wound infections
Enteric infections (c. Diff)
Eye infections

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9
Q

Management for contact precautions

A

Gown
Gloves
Goggles
Private room

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10
Q

4 E’s of angina precipitating factors

A

Exertion
Eating
Emotional distress
Extreme temperatures : hot or cold

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11
Q

4 P’s of arterial occlusion manifestation

A

Pain
Pulselessness or absent pulses
Pallor
Paresthesia

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12
Q

What is the treatment for congestive heart failure?

(MADD DOG)

A

Morphine
Amiodarone
Digoxin
Dopamine
Diuretic
Oxygen
Gas : monitor arterial blood gases (ABG)

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13
Q

What are causes of heart murmurs?
(SPASM)

A

Stenosis of a valve
Partial obstruction
Aneurysm
Septal defect
Mitral regurgitation

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14
Q

What are the heart sounds in order

“Ape to man”

A

Aortic
Pulmonic
Erbs point
Tricuspid
Mitral

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15
Q

Nursing interventions hypertension
(DIURETIC)

A

Daily weight
In and out
Urine output
Response of blood pressure
Electrolytes
Take pulse
Ischemic episodes
Complications : CVA, CAD, CHF, CRF

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16
Q

Causes of shortness of breath
(4 As + 4 Ps)

A

Airway obstruction
Angina
Anxiety
Asthma

Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism

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17
Q

Stroke sign
(FAST)

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

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18
Q

Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome
(5Ps)

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulse decline or absent
Pressure increased
Paresthesia

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms of shock
(CHORD ITEM)

A

Cold, clammy skin
Hypotension
Oliguria
Rapid, shallow breaths
Drowsiness, confusion
Irritability
Tachycardia
Elevated or reduced central Venus pressure
Multi organ damage

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20
Q

Signs of hypoglycemia
(TIRED)

A

Tachycardia
Irritability
Restlessness
Excessive hunger
Diaphoresis and depression

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia

(CATS)

A

Convulsions
Arrhythmia
Tetany
Strider or spasm

22
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia

6Ls

A

Lethargy
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low, shallow respiration
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias
Lots of urine (polyuria)

23
Q

Complications from hypertension
4Cs

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
Cardiovascular accident (CVA): brain attack, or stroke

24
Q

Patient care regarding traction

(TRACTION)

A

-Temperature of extremity is assessed for signs of infection
-rope hangs freely
-Alignment of body and injured area
-Circulation check
-Type and location of fracture
-Increase fluid intake
-Overhead trapeze
-No weights on floor

25
Q

Early warning signs of cancer
(CAUTION UP)

A

Change in bowel or bladder
A lesion that does not heal
Unusual, bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious changes in wart or mole
Nagging, cough, or persistent hoarseness
Unexplained, weight loss
Pernicious, anemia

26
Q

Signs and symptoms of leukemia
(ANT)

A

Anemia and decreased hemoglobin

Neutropenia and increase risk of infection

Thrombocytopenia and increase risk of bleeding

27
Q

Clients require dialysis

(AEIOU) *vowels

A

Acid base imbalance
Electrolyte imbalance
Intoxication
Overload of fluids
Uremic symptoms

28
Q

Asthma management

(ASTHMA)

A

Adrenergics: albuterol or other bronchodilator

Steroids

Theopylline

Hydration

Mask : oxygen therapy

Antibiotic : if there is a respiratory infection

29
Q

Hypoxia :
Early signs: RAT
late signs: BED

A

Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia and tachycardia

Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea

30
Q

Signs of pneumothorax

P THORAX

A

Pleuritic pain
Tracheal deviation
Hyperresonance
Onset sudden
Reduce breast sounds (and Dyspnea)
Absent fremitus
X-ray shows collapsed lung

31
Q

Transient incontinence causes

(DIAPERS)

A

Delirium
Infection
Atropic urethra
Pharmaceuticals and psychological
Excess urine output
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction

32
Q

Dysphasia: nursing actions

A

-Modify texture of food
-high fowlers
-Oral care prior to eating
-Allow adequate time for eating
-Utilize adaptive eating devices
-Encourage small bites
-Avoid thin liquids and sticky foods

33
Q

What is dumping syndrome?

A

A complication of gastric surgeries that inhibit the ability of the Poric sphincter to control the movement of food into the small intestine

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome

A

Nausea
Distention
Cramping pains
Diarrhea within 15 minutes of eating

Weakness
Dizziness
Tachycardia
Hypoglycemia can occur

35
Q

Dumping syndrome: nursing interventions

A

Small, frequent meals
Consume, protein and fat at each meal
Avoid concentrated sugars
Restrict lactose
Consume liquids one hour before or after eating meals (not with meals)

36
Q

What is Gerd?

A

Leads to indigestion and heartburn from the backflow of acidic gastric juices into the mucosa of the lower esophagus

37
Q

Gerd: nursing interventions

A

Avoid large meals and bedtime snacks

Encourage weight loss if patient is overweight

Avoid trigger foods : citrus, fruit, juice, spicy food, and carbonated beverages

Avoid items that reduce LES pressure : alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, fatty foods, peppermint, and spearmint flavors

Do not smoke

38
Q

What is peptic ulcer disease? (PUD)

A

Erosion of the mucosal layer of the stomach or duodenum

Can be caused by H pylori or chronic use of NSAIDS

39
Q

PUD: nursing interventions

A

Avoid eating, frequent meals and snacks (this promotes increased gastric acid secretion)

Avoid alcohol , smoking, coffee, black pepper, spicy food, caffeine, NSAIDS

40
Q

What are signs and symptoms of lactose intolerant?

A

Distention
Cramps
Gas
Diarrhea

41
Q

Things to know about diverticulitis

A

1) high fiber diet can prevent
2) during acute episodes, low fiber, diet is prescribed

Avoid foods with seeds or husks

42
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

43
Q

Cholecystitis: nursing interventions

A

Limit, fat intake
Limit trigger foods : coffee, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbage, onions, legumes, highly seasoned foods

44
Q

What is acute renal failure?

A

Abrupt rapid decline in a renal function

Causes : trauma, sepsis, poor perfusion, or medication’s

45
Q

What are manifestations of acute renal failure?

A

Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperphosphatemia

46
Q

When is a person considered to be an end-stage renal disease?

A

When glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is less than 25 mL per minute

47
Q

Nursing interventions for end-stage renal disease

A

Diet: high protein, low phosphorus, low, potassium, low sodium fluid restricted

Increase calcium and vitamin D

50% of protein should come from biological sources (eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, soy)

35 cal per kilogram of bodyweight should be consumed

Take phosphate, binders with all meals and snacks

48
Q

What is nephrotic syndrome?

A

Serum protein leaks into the urine

49
Q

Nephrotic syndrome: nursing interventions

A

Minimize edema
Replaced lost nutrients
Minimize permanent renal damage

High protein, low sodium

50
Q

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

What increases the risk?

A

Excessive intake of:
Protein
Sodium
Calcium
Oxalates (rhubarb, spinach, beets)

Lab Values (2 decks)

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