General Information

Question 1

Compounds used as the basis of measuring the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) content of fertilizers.

Answer 1

Nitrogen
Dipotassium pentoxide
Potassium oxide

Question 2

A class of synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas (99.8% air), without significant collapse of the gel structure. It has extremely low density and extremely low thermal conductivity - considered as the world’s lightest solid

Answer 2

Aerogel

Question 3

Naturally occurring pesticide found in seed from the neem tree. Its most active ingredient is azadirachtin, which reduces insect feeding and acts as a repellant.

Answer 3

Neem oil

Question 4

Carbonate, or temporary hardness, is caused by bicarbonates of

Answer 4

Ca & Mg

Question 5

It is a linear polymer which may be reversibly softened by heat (curing) and solidified by cooling.

Answer 5

Thermoplastics

They are different from thermosets that can retain their form and stay solid under heat once cured.

Question 6

Examples of thermosoftening (soften when heated) and thermosetting polymers (retains its shape when heated).

Answer 6

Thermosoftening polymers: polyethene, polypropene, PVC, polystyrene, PTFE

Thermosetting polymer: rubber

Question 7

Used primarily in operations requiring high temperature, such as welding and metal cutting

Answer 7

Acetylene

(It produces flame temperature along with oxygen that makes it a suitable has choice for welding steel)

Question 8

Most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust

Answer 8

Aluminum

Question 9

Salt is address in the kettle during soap manufacture to separate ______

Answer 9

Soap from lye

Question 10

Function of chloramines in water treatment

Answer 10

Disinfection and control of taste and odor

Question 11

Compound employed extensively in the leather industry as a depilatory, a process used to remove hair from skin.

Answer 11

Sodium sulfide

Question 12

Crushed glass from imperfect articles, trim, and other waste glass

Answer 12

Cullet

Question 13

Removed from water when lime and soda ash are added

Answer 13

Bicarbonates and sulfates of calcium and magnesium

Question 14

Mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced from the reaction of water and carbon (coke) that is used as a starting point in the synthesis of methanol and other organic chemicals.

Answer 14

Synthesis gas (Syngas)

Question 15

By-product of the destructive distillation or pyrolysis of coal which is a mixture of many chemical compounds, mostly aromatics, which vary widely in composition.

Answer 15

Coal tar

Question 16

Produced by the decay of vegetable matter and was early identified as combustible swamp gas.

Answer 16

Methane

Question 17

Reason why Styrofoam is a good insulating product

Answer 17

It contains many pockets of air

Question 18

Used as disinfectant and deodorant in dairies, creameries, water supplies, sewage disposal, and for household purposes.

Answer 18

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)

Question 19

Compounds added to the glass to give it the white opaque appearance so characteristics of vitreous enamels.

Answer 19

Opacifier

Question 20

Oleum is a corrosive solution of what solute and solvent?

Answer 20

Solute: sulfur trioxide
Solvent: Sulfuric acid

Question 21

Commonly called niter cake

Answer 21

Sodium bisulfate

Question 22

Source of magnesium

Answer 22

Seawater

Question 23

Rectified spirit is a highly concentrated ethanol that has been purified by means of repeated distillation in a process called rectification. What is its concentration?

Answer 23

95.6%

Question 24

Alloying element added in stainless steel to impart corrosion resistance

Answer 24

Chromium

Question 25

An alkali metal hydroxide traditionally obtained by leaching wood ashes, or a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water producing caustic basic solution and used especially in making soap and washing

Answer 25

Lye

Question 26

Two chemical parameters that determines the suitability of triglycerol for soap product saponification.

Answer 26

* Iodine number - shows the presence of double links or degree of insaturation of the carbonic chain; soap made from high iodine number fat is soft * Saponification number - quantity of KOH (mg) needed to transform 1 g of it into soap; high saponification number —> easier transformation of fat into soap

Question 27

A spherical cluster of molecules whose hydrocarbon tails (hydrophobic) are in the interior and whose ionic groups (hydrophilic) are exposed to water on the outside

Answer 27

Micelle

Question 28

Usually soft soaps (made from coconut oil) in which cane sugar and alcohol are added and finally washed with methylate spirit to achieve transparency

Answer 28

Transparent soaps (e.g., Pears)

Question 29

It is vetrified translucent ware with a hard glaze which resists abrasion to the maximum degree.

Answer 29

Porcelain

Question 30

A fuel gas that is manufactured by blowing a coke or coal with air and steam simultaneously. It is a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Answer 30

Producer gas

Question 31

A pure finely divided calcium carbonate prepared by wet grinding and levigating natural chalk

Answer 31

Whiting

Question 32

Soft potassium soaps (potassium salt of faith acid) with free stearic acid to give lather a lasting property.

Answer 32

Shaving sopas

Question 33

An acidic, corrosive, and oxidative mixture of three parts (75%) concentrated HCl and one part (25%) concentrated HNO3.

Answer 33

Aqua regia

Question 34

Lanolin (i.e., wool yolk, wax, or grease) is widely used in cosmetics. It is derived from _______.

Answer 34

Sheep’s wool

Question 35

One of the toughest forms of natural diamond also known as black diamond.

Answer 35

Carbonado

Question 36

A type of electric furnace where heat is produced by an electric arc between the electrodes and the furnace charge, or between two or more electrodes, which are usually a graphite or carbon and may or may not be consumed in the operation, or between the electrodes and the furnace charge.

Answer 36

Arc furnace