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Elizabeth > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

How many men sat on the privy council?

A

19

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2
Q

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?

A

£300,000

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3
Q

When did Elizabeth become queen?

A

1558

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4
Q

What had the privy council shrunk to by 1600?

A

11 people

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5
Q

What was the Secretary of State?

A

Person who led privy council

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6
Q

What was a reason Elizabeth did not want to marry?

A

She was afraid of losing power to her husband

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7
Q

How many sessions of parliament did Elizabeth call in her reign?

A

13

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8
Q

How many years was Mary queen of Scots held captive in England for?

A

19 years

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9
Q

When was the babington plot?

A

1586

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10
Q

When was the northern rebellion

A

1569

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11
Q

When was the statue of confinement and what was it

A

1593 banned recusants from going more than 5 miles away from their house

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12
Q

What were recusants

A

People who didn’t attend church usually catholics

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13
Q

When was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

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14
Q

When was the throckmorton plot

A

1583

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15
Q

What was the northern rebellion

A

The Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Westmorland held an illegal catholic mass gathering in the north of 4600 people who marched down south to rebel against Elizabeth

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16
Q

How did the northern rebellion end?

A

The Earl of Sussex raised 10,000 troops against them and they dispersed

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17
Q

What was the outcome of the northern rebellion?

A

Elizabeth paid £2,000 to buy the earl of Northumberland to York and was then executed

Earl of Westmorland had escaped to France

Henry Hastings, a Puritan, was installed as leader of the Council of the North (which helped to govern the region).

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18
Q

Who led the babington plot

A

Anthony babington

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19
Q

How was the babington plot discovered?

A

Coded messages were passed through Mary Queen of Scots’ servants in beer barrels to the room where she was being imprisoned.

However, Elizabeth had a dedicated network of spies. The servants involved actually worked for the queen’s spymaster, Sir Francis Walsingham.
The coded messages and replies were taken to Elizabeth.

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20
Q

What was the outcome of the babington plot

A

The discovery of the plot led to Mary’s execution along with Anthony Babington.

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21
Q

When was the papal bull

A

27th April 1570

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22
Q

What was the papal bull?

A

On the 27th April 1570, Pope Pius V issued a decree declaring that Elizabeth was not a legitimate queen, and that the people should not follow her laws.

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23
Q

What was the outcome of the papal bull?

A

The decree, known as a bull, excommunicated (expelled) her from the Church.
This made Elizabeth more vulnerable to rebellion and assassination as an illegitimate leader. However, the rebellion that the Pope had hoped for did not happen.

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24
Q

When was Mary Queen of Scots put on trial?

A

October 1586

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25
Q

How many people was Mary held in court in front of

A

36 noblemen

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26
Q

When was Mary executed

A

February 1587

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27
Q

Who was the throckmorton plot funded by ?

A

Pope pius V and king Phillip II

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28
Q

Who’s idea was the throckmorton plot

A

Nicholas throckmorton

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29
Q

Who was the earl of Essex

A

Robert deveroux

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30
Q

When was the earl of Essex appointed privy counsellor

A

1593

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31
Q

How did the queen reward people who were loyal to her

A

By giving money and monopolies

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32
Q

Who were the two sides of court in the 1590’s

A

The earl of Essex and the Cecil family (William and Robert)

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33
Q

Who and When did Essex attack which pleased the queen

A

The port of Cadiz in 1596

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34
Q

When did Essex get his sweet wine monopoly

A

1595

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35
Q

What were causes of the Essex rebellion?

A

After Essex victory against the Spanish he turned his back on the queen in an argument and she hit him on the side of his head and Essex nearly drew his sword but was stopped by other councillors Essex was placed under house arrest

Later the queen sent him to deal with Irish rebellions but he failed and agreed a truce with them

When he returned to England he stormed into the queens chambers and saw her without her wig

As a result the queen refused to renew his win monopoly and he lost much wealth and status

Angry and nothing left to lose Essex began getting supporters for a rebllion

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36
Q

How many councillors did Essex hold hostage? And how many supporters did he have?

A

4 councillors 200 supporters

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37
Q

How did the rebellion end

A

Robert Cecil called him a traitor making many supporters leave and some panicked releasing hostages Essex was arrested

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38
Q

What was the consequence of Essex’s rebellion

A

Essex executed in private on 25th February 1601

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39
Q

Between 1541 and 1600 how much had the population rose by? And why was it significant

A

1,300,000 people and it was significant because it was the first population surge in two centuries showing living standards had rose

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40
Q

When was the flu outbreak and how many people did it kill?

A

1556 killed 200,000

41
Q

When were there bad harvests

A

Between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and inflation

42
Q

What were vagabonds

A

Undeserving poor

43
Q

When did drake complete the first circumnavigation

A

Between 1577 and 1580

44
Q

When was Walter Raleigh given permission to explore the americas

A

1584

45
Q

What did sir Walter Raleigh allowed to do in America?

A

Allowed to colonise any land not rules by Christians but had to give queen one fifth of all gold and silver found

46
Q

What were sails made of and in what shape

A

Lateen triangles

47
Q

When did John Hawkins start the slave trade in Britain?

A

1564

48
Q

When was the east India company established

A

1600

49
Q

How did exploration give England wealth

A

Raiding Spanish ships

Trading systems were established new products brought over such as spices silks and porcelain

Trade with east in spices and other goods grew as middlemen could be cut out

The east India company was created to trade in India

Able to start slave trade as other Englishmen saw how Hawkins had profited, slave trade enabled raw materials to be produced cheaply in the americas

50
Q

When did the Spanish Armada start?

A

1588

51
Q

How many ships sailors and soldiers did Phillip launch?

A

151 ships 7000 sailors and 34,000 soldiers

52
Q

Who where the English commanded by in the Spanish Armada?

A

Sir Francis drake

53
Q

Where did Phillip plan to send the armada before invading England and why?

A

Netherlands to pick up more men

54
Q

What formation did the armada sail in?

A

Crescent formation

55
Q

What day did the ships reach the Netherlands

A

6th august

56
Q

Why were the ships delayed at the Netherlands?

A

They were waiting for additional soldiers to arrive

57
Q

When did the English attack the Spanish fleet?

A

7th august

58
Q

How many fire ships did the English send in at the armada?

A

8 fireships

59
Q

When was the battle of grave lines?

A

8th august

60
Q

What distance the English fire at in the battle of grave lines?

A

100 meters

61
Q

Who commanded the Spanish ships to retreat during battle of grave lines

A

The duke of medina-sidonia

62
Q

What blew the Spanish off course during their retreat

A

A great storm

63
Q

What affect did the great storm have on ships and resources

A

It rotted their food and polluted their water. Of 151 ships only 65 returned

64
Q

What were the English tactics during the armada?

A

Fire ships broke formation making individual ships vulnerable

Bombardment of English cannons made regrouping impossible

English had faster ships and more experienced commanders

65
Q

What were Spanish mistakes in the Spanish Armada

A

The ships were designed for Mediterranean Sea and could not handle harsh English Channel and North Sea

Delayed in Netherlands as soldiers not ready to board

Weapons meant for land useless at sea

Brought many wrong cannonballs

Spanish commander inexperienced

66
Q

When did Phillip propose to Elizabeth

A

1559

67
Q

When was the queen excommunicated

A

1570

68
Q

What caused tension between england and Spain

A

Multiple raidings of Spanish ports example - 1587 drake destroyed multiple Spanish ships and became known as ‘singeing the king is Spain’s beard’ Elizabeth encouraged by granting licenses

Queen excommunication in 1570 from the pope who called all catholics to challenge her rule

King Phillip previously married to Mary I and plan was to have catholic child heir to throne but Mary died childless in 1558

In 1566 Protestant uprising Elizabeth sent money to help and allowed English volunteers to help 1584 Dutch rebel leader died William of orange, this made Elizabeth in December 1585 sent 7000 British troops with Robert dudley

69
Q

Who was Robert Dudley

A

Puritan privy councillor and earl of Leicester

70
Q

What were Presbyterians

A

Hard line puritans

71
Q

Who were jesuits

A

People who wanted to convert Protestants into catholics

72
Q

When was the first theatre built, what was it called and who built it

A

1576 called ‘the theatre’ and built by James burbage

73
Q

What were 3 reasons people opposed theatre

A

Puritans believed the theatre was sinful and distracted people from prayer.

Some people believed that large crowds could lead to the spread of disease.

Some people saw the theatre as dangerous, as many of the audience were drunk and crimes were committed.

74
Q

What were 4 reasons elizabeth introduced the poor law

A

There were fears the social order might be threatened if the growing number of poor started a rebellion.

There was a risk vagabonds and beggars might turn to crime.

There were fears the poor were spreading disease.

The landowners were giving more to the poor

75
Q

What 3 divisions were the poor divided into?

A

The helpless poor were the sick and old. They were provided with food to live on and placed in almshouses where they could be cared for.

The able-bodied poor were those who were considered fit, including children. They were expected to work. They were given food and drink as payment, and sometimes somewhere to sleep.

The idle poor were seen as lazy and were whipped. They were also sent to a house of correction where they would be forced to work.

76
Q

When was Mary queen of scots imprisoned?

A

1567

77
Q

What was the order of great chain of being from top to bottom

A

Nobility

Gentry

Peasantry

Animals and plants

78
Q

Where did the poor stand in theatres

A

The pit

79
Q

Where did the rich often sit in theatres

A

The galleries

80
Q

What time Did performances usually begin?

A

3pm

81
Q

Why was theatre important?

A

It was affordable, both a rich person and poor person activity

It was entertaining, plays were humorous, tragic or historical

It was contemporary and relevant to the time, many plays carried political messages

82
Q

What was accomplished in art during the golden age

A

Portraits became very popular and often contained symbolism

Decorative silverware became signs of wealth and culture

83
Q

What science and technology had been found during the golden age

A

Improvement of printing presses

The creation of astrolabe

84
Q

Why can it be argued it wasn’t a golden age

A

Blood sports such as dog fighting remained popular

Torture and brutal execution still used by government

A small minority lived in luxury most were still poor

Life expectancy was low and medical treatment was ineffective

85
Q

Who were 3 potential suitors to the queen?

A

Francis duke of Anjou

King Phillip II of Spain

Robert Dudley earl of leicester

86
Q

What was the problem with marrying francis?

A

Elizabeth was already 46 probably past having a child therefore a childless marriage could result in England falling under french control

87
Q

What was the problem with marrying Phillip?

A

He was catholic and they had many issues throughout

88
Q

What was the problem with marrying Robert Dudley?

A

When his wife died he was accused of being involved meaning it was almost impossible to marry the queen

89
Q

When did Elizabeth nearly die of small pox

A

1562

90
Q

Why was Mary I forced to abdicate

A

The death of husband lord Darnley looked like she was a murderer

91
Q

When was the poor law introduced?

A

1601

92
Q

What 3 things did the poor law state

A

The wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care of sick and vulnerable

Fit and healthy paupers should be given work

Those who refused to work still dealt harshly

93
Q

Where did burghley build his almshouses and why

A

Right in middle of Stamford so everyone can see the good work he was doing

94
Q

What were some key features of the almshouses

A

12 men 5 chosen by burghley
Had to be local men over 30
No idle poor
No gambling or playing cards

95
Q

What religion was burghley and what was the significance of this

A

He was a Protestant with Puritan leanings and it was significant because puritans felt helping the poor was a moral deed

96
Q

Who built hardwick hall and when

A

Elizabeth Shrewsbury 1590-1597

97
Q

How was hardwick hall different

A

It’s purpose was no longer defence but to display wealth

Symmetrical with open courtyards

Lots of expensive glass

Had 46 rooms separating servants from owners

98
Q

What were some features of hardwick hall

A

Large glass windows

Portraits showing family connections

Long gallery for entertaining guests

Great chamber for entertaining guests and had several portraits of queen

Elizabeth (1 decks)

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