General Knowledge Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
How many men sat on the privy council?
A
19
2
Q
How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?
A
£300,000
3
Q
When did Elizabeth become queen?
A
1558
4
Q
What had the privy council shrunk to by 1600?
A
11 people
5
Q
What was the Secretary of State?
A
Person who led privy council
6
Q
What was a reason Elizabeth did not want to marry?
A
She was afraid of losing power to her husband
7
Q
How many sessions of parliament did Elizabeth call in her reign?
A
13
8
Q
How many years was Mary queen of Scots held captive in England for?
A
19 years
9
Q
When was the babington plot?
A
1586
10
Q
When was the northern rebellion
A
1569
11
Q
When was the statue of confinement and what was it
A
1593 banned recusants from going more than 5 miles away from their house
12
Q
What were recusants
A
People who didn’t attend church usually catholics
13
Q
When was the Ridolfi plot?
A
1571
14
Q
When was the throckmorton plot
A
1583
15
Q
What was the northern rebellion
A
The Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Westmorland held an illegal catholic mass gathering in the north of 4600 people who marched down south to rebel against Elizabeth
16
Q
How did the northern rebellion end?
A
The Earl of Sussex raised 10,000 troops against them and they dispersed
17
Q
What was the outcome of the northern rebellion?
A
Elizabeth paid £2,000 to buy the earl of Northumberland to York and was then executed
Earl of Westmorland had escaped to France
Henry Hastings, a Puritan, was installed as leader of the Council of the North (which helped to govern the region).
18
Q
Who led the babington plot
A
Anthony babington
19
Q
How was the babington plot discovered?
A
Coded messages were passed through Mary Queen of Scots’ servants in beer barrels to the room where she was being imprisoned.
However, Elizabeth had a dedicated network of spies. The servants involved actually worked for the queen’s spymaster, Sir Francis Walsingham.
The coded messages and replies were taken to Elizabeth.
20
Q
What was the outcome of the babington plot
A
The discovery of the plot led to Mary’s execution along with Anthony Babington.
21
Q
When was the papal bull
A
27th April 1570
22
Q
What was the papal bull?
A
On the 27th April 1570, Pope Pius V issued a decree declaring that Elizabeth was not a legitimate queen, and that the people should not follow her laws.
23
Q
What was the outcome of the papal bull?
A
The decree, known as a bull, excommunicated (expelled) her from the Church.
This made Elizabeth more vulnerable to rebellion and assassination as an illegitimate leader. However, the rebellion that the Pope had hoped for did not happen.
24
Q
When was Mary Queen of Scots put on trial?
A
October 1586
25
How many people was Mary held in court in front of
36 noblemen
26
When was Mary executed
February 1587
27
Who was the throckmorton plot funded by ?
Pope pius V and king Phillip II
28
Who’s idea was the throckmorton plot
Nicholas throckmorton
29
Who was the earl of Essex
Robert deveroux
30
When was the earl of Essex appointed privy counsellor
1593
31
How did the queen reward people who were loyal to her
By giving money and monopolies
32
Who were the two sides of court in the 1590’s
The earl of Essex and the Cecil family (William and Robert)
33
Who and When did Essex attack which pleased the queen
The port of Cadiz in 1596
34
When did Essex get his sweet wine monopoly
1595
35
What were causes of the Essex rebellion?
After Essex victory against the Spanish he turned his back on the queen in an argument and she hit him on the side of his head and Essex nearly drew his sword but was stopped by other councillors Essex was placed under house arrest
Later the queen sent him to deal with Irish rebellions but he failed and agreed a truce with them
When he returned to England he stormed into the queens chambers and saw her without her wig
As a result the queen refused to renew his win monopoly and he lost much wealth and status
Angry and nothing left to lose Essex began getting supporters for a rebllion
36
How many councillors did Essex hold hostage? And how many supporters did he have?
4 councillors 200 supporters
37
How did the rebellion end
Robert Cecil called him a traitor making many supporters leave and some panicked releasing hostages Essex was arrested
38
What was the consequence of Essex’s rebellion
Essex executed in private on 25th February 1601
39
Between 1541 and 1600 how much had the population rose by? And why was it significant
1,300,000 people and it was significant because it was the first population surge in two centuries showing living standards had rose
40
When was the flu outbreak and how many people did it kill?
1556 killed 200,000
41
When were there bad harvests
Between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and inflation
42
What were vagabonds
Undeserving poor
43
When did drake complete the first circumnavigation
Between 1577 and 1580
44
When was Walter Raleigh given permission to explore the americas
1584
45
What did sir Walter Raleigh allowed to do in America?
Allowed to colonise any land not rules by Christians but had to give queen one fifth of all gold and silver found
46
What were sails made of and in what shape
Lateen triangles
47
When did John Hawkins start the slave trade in Britain?
1564
48
When was the east India company established
1600
49
How did exploration give England wealth
Raiding Spanish ships
Trading systems were established new products brought over such as spices silks and porcelain
Trade with east in spices and other goods grew as middlemen could be cut out
The east India company was created to trade in India
Able to start slave trade as other Englishmen saw how Hawkins had profited, slave trade enabled raw materials to be produced cheaply in the americas
50
When did the Spanish Armada start?
1588
51
How many ships sailors and soldiers did Phillip launch?
151 ships 7000 sailors and 34,000 soldiers
52
Who where the English commanded by in the Spanish Armada?
Sir Francis drake
53
Where did Phillip plan to send the armada before invading England and why?
Netherlands to pick up more men
54
What formation did the armada sail in?
Crescent formation
55
What day did the ships reach the Netherlands
6th august
56
Why were the ships delayed at the Netherlands?
They were waiting for additional soldiers to arrive
57
When did the English attack the Spanish fleet?
7th august
58
How many fire ships did the English send in at the armada?
8 fireships
59
When was the battle of grave lines?
8th august
60
What distance the English fire at in the battle of grave lines?
100 meters
61
Who commanded the Spanish ships to retreat during battle of grave lines
The duke of medina-sidonia
62
What blew the Spanish off course during their retreat
A great storm
63
What affect did the great storm have on ships and resources
It rotted their food and polluted their water. Of 151 ships only 65 returned
64
What were the English tactics during the armada?
Fire ships broke formation making individual ships vulnerable
Bombardment of English cannons made regrouping impossible
English had faster ships and more experienced commanders
65
What were Spanish mistakes in the Spanish Armada
The ships were designed for Mediterranean Sea and could not handle harsh English Channel and North Sea
Delayed in Netherlands as soldiers not ready to board
Weapons meant for land useless at sea
Brought many wrong cannonballs
Spanish commander inexperienced
66
When did Phillip propose to Elizabeth
1559
67
When was the queen excommunicated
1570
68
What caused tension between england and Spain
Multiple raidings of Spanish ports example - 1587 drake destroyed multiple Spanish ships and became known as ‘singeing the king is Spain’s beard’ Elizabeth encouraged by granting licenses
Queen excommunication in 1570 from the pope who called all catholics to challenge her rule
King Phillip previously married to Mary I and plan was to have catholic child heir to throne but Mary died childless in 1558
In 1566 Protestant uprising Elizabeth sent money to help and allowed English volunteers to help 1584 Dutch rebel leader died William of orange, this made Elizabeth in December 1585 sent 7000 British troops with Robert dudley
69
Who was Robert Dudley
Puritan privy councillor and earl of Leicester
70
What were Presbyterians
Hard line puritans
71
Who were jesuits
People who wanted to convert Protestants into catholics
72
When was the first theatre built, what was it called and who built it
1576 called ‘the theatre’ and built by James burbage
73
What were 3 reasons people opposed theatre
Puritans believed the theatre was sinful and distracted people from prayer.
Some people believed that large crowds could lead to the spread of disease.
Some people saw the theatre as dangerous, as many of the audience were drunk and crimes were committed.
74
What were 4 reasons elizabeth introduced the poor law
There were fears the social order might be threatened if the growing number of poor started a rebellion.
There was a risk vagabonds and beggars might turn to crime.
There were fears the poor were spreading disease.
The landowners were giving more to the poor
75
What 3 divisions were the poor divided into?
The helpless poor were the sick and old. They were provided with food to live on and placed in almshouses where they could be cared for.
The able-bodied poor were those who were considered fit, including children. They were expected to work. They were given food and drink as payment, and sometimes somewhere to sleep.
The idle poor were seen as lazy and were whipped. They were also sent to a house of correction where they would be forced to work.
76
When was Mary queen of scots imprisoned?
1567
77
What was the order of great chain of being from top to bottom
Nobility
Gentry
Peasantry
Animals and plants
78
Where did the poor stand in theatres
The pit
79
Where did the rich often sit in theatres
The galleries
80
What time Did performances usually begin?
3pm
81
Why was theatre important?
It was affordable, both a rich person and poor person activity
It was entertaining, plays were humorous, tragic or historical
It was contemporary and relevant to the time, many plays carried political messages
82
What was accomplished in art during the golden age
Portraits became very popular and often contained symbolism
Decorative silverware became signs of wealth and culture
83
What science and technology had been found during the golden age
Improvement of printing presses
The creation of astrolabe
84
Why can it be argued it wasn’t a golden age
Blood sports such as dog fighting remained popular
Torture and brutal execution still used by government
A small minority lived in luxury most were still poor
Life expectancy was low and medical treatment was ineffective
85
Who were 3 potential suitors to the queen?
Francis duke of Anjou
King Phillip II of Spain
Robert Dudley earl of leicester
86
What was the problem with marrying francis?
Elizabeth was already 46 probably past having a child therefore a childless marriage could result in England falling under french control
87
What was the problem with marrying Phillip?
He was catholic and they had many issues throughout
88
What was the problem with marrying Robert Dudley?
When his wife died he was accused of being involved meaning it was almost impossible to marry the queen
89
When did Elizabeth nearly die of small pox
1562
90
Why was Mary I forced to abdicate
The death of husband lord Darnley looked like she was a murderer
91
When was the poor law introduced?
1601
92
What 3 things did the poor law state
The wealthy should be taxed to pay for the care of sick and vulnerable
Fit and healthy paupers should be given work
Those who refused to work still dealt harshly
93
Where did burghley build his almshouses and why
Right in middle of Stamford so everyone can see the good work he was doing
94
What were some key features of the almshouses
12 men 5 chosen by burghley
Had to be local men over 30
No idle poor
No gambling or playing cards
95
What religion was burghley and what was the significance of this
He was a Protestant with Puritan leanings and it was significant because puritans felt helping the poor was a moral deed
96
Who built hardwick hall and when
Elizabeth Shrewsbury 1590-1597
97
How was hardwick hall different
It’s purpose was no longer defence but to display wealth
Symmetrical with open courtyards
Lots of expensive glass
Had 46 rooms separating servants from owners
98
What were some features of hardwick hall
Large glass windows
Portraits showing family connections
Long gallery for entertaining guests
Great chamber for entertaining guests and had several portraits of queen
