Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

StJA(WA) > General knowledge > Flashcards

General knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylactic reaction definition

A

Any acute onset of hypotension or bronchospasm or upper airway obstruction where anaphylaxis is considered possible, even if typical skin features are not present OR
Any acute onset illness with typical skin features (urticarial rash or erythema/flushing, and/or angioedema), PLUS involvement of respiratory and/or cardiovascular and/or persistent severe gastrointestinal symptoms, (ASCIA, 2010).
If allergic reaction is deemed to involve more than two body systems, and it is therefore no longer localised, anaphylaxis should be considered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Paed weight calc

A

1-9 years: (Age + 4) x 2. 10-12 years: Age x 3.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Asthma criticality conditions

A

2 I’s, 3 S’s, 4,3,2,1
Prior ICU admission
Prior intubation
Chronic use of steroids
Progressive symptoms in spite of aggressive treatment.
Patient unable to speak in sentences
Use of bronchodilators > every 4 hours
>3 ED visits in past year
>2 hospital admissions in past year
>1 bronchodilator canister used in past month
.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DOPES

A

D
Displacement
Check etCO2 value/waveform.
Look at tube position; does it look displaced?
Auscultate the chest and epigastrium. If gurgling is audible, withdraw ETT immediately
Assess/consider ETT cuff inflation, depth, or oesophageal intubation.
Check placement after any move.
O
Obstruction
Inability or severe resistance to ventilation is a very good indicator of obstruction.
Clear Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
P
Pneumothorax
Consider the signs and symptoms of pneumothorax/haemothorax.
Consider ventilator settings.
E
Equipment Failure
Consider failure of equipment starting from the oxygen cylinder straight through to the ETT and back again.
S
Secretions
Thick mucus might obstruct ETT.
Suction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Poisons info hotline number

A

13 11 26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SLUDGEBBB

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI distress
Emesis
Bronchorrhea
Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tox animals PIT indication/contra

A

PIT = For All Australian Snake bites, sea snakes, funnel web Spiders, Blue-ringed octopus,
cone shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Scales of hypothermia

A

Mild hypothermia (32-35C):
Decreased respiratory rate
Lethargy
Weakness
Slurred speech
Ataxia
Shivering may cease
Moderate hypothermia (30-32C):
Muscle rigidity
Poor reflexes
Dilated pupils
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Severe hypothermia (< 30C):
Flaccid muscles
Fixed pupils
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Respiratory distress scales
&components

A

Mild / Moderate / Severe-Life-threatening
Appearance / Pulse / Speech / WoB / Breath sounds / RR / Resp Rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AEIOUTIPS

A

A – Alcohol / Abuse of substances / Acidosis (pH < 7.35)
E – Environmental / Epilepsy / Electrolytes / Encephalopathy / Endocrine disease
I – Infection
O – Overdose / Oxygen deficiency
U – Underdose / Uraemia (urea in blood - kidney failure)
T – Trauma / Tumor
I – Insulin
P – Psychogenic / Poisons
S – Stroke / Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CVA inclusion criteria

A

-Symptom onset < 9 hours
- Patient possesses full Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
- BGL between 4 - 22mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acute stroke centre locs and hours

A

Acute stroke centre
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Fiona Stanley Hospital
Royal Perth Hospital
St. John of God - Midland
Joondalup Health Campus
Monday - Sunday, 24 hours a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute neuroendovascular unit locs and hours

A

Acute neuroendovascular unit
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital:
Monday - Sunday, 24 hours a day
Fiona Stanley Hospital:
Monday - Friday, 08:00 - 16:00
Arrival to ED must be within prescribed times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Convulsive status epilepticus is defined as any seizure activity that meets any of these three critiera;

A persistent seizure lasting greater that 5 minutes without return of consciousness

recurrent seizures (2 or more) without an intervening period of neurological recovery

Note that:

older definitions required seizure activity to continue for 30 minutes to be considered status epilepticus

most seizures terminate within 5 minutes and those that don’t are often prolonged

significant neuronal injury occurs well before 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

STEMI Transmission indications

A

Monitor reads “ACUTE MI” or “Meets STEMI criteria” OR
ST elevation 1mm in 2 contiguous limb leads OR
ST elevation in 2mm in 2 contiguous chest leads OR
Symptomatic acute left bundle branch block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

STEMI inclusion criteria

A

Symptom onset < 12 hours
Mobile and independent ADLs
GCS15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

P wave, PR interval, QRS, intervals (inc squares), t wave

A

P wave <0.12 (3 small squares)
PR interval 0.12-0.2 (3-5 small squares)
QRS 0.04-0.12 (1-3 small squares)
T wave <0.5mm

18
Q

ECG interpretation steps

A

P wave
PR interval
QRS
Rate
Regularity
T wave

19
Q

IMPACT CPR principles

A
  • Create an overview position if possible
  • Create or move to a good working space
  • Standardised equipment placement
  • High quality focussed compressions with minimal interruptions
  • Use feedback and quality CPR devices
  • Swap compressor every loop (2 minutes)
  • BVM oxygenation/controlled ventilation
  • Calm, quiet & coordinated scene
  • Closed loop/functional language
20
Q

Hs and Ts

A

Hypoxia, hypothermia, hyperkalemia, hypovolemia.
Tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxins, thrombosis

21
Q

TOR

A
  • The presenting rhythm is Asystole, not SJA witnessed, and remains in Asystole after 20 min of maximally directed resuscitation
    OR
  • The presenting rhythm is shockable, not SJA witnessed, and progresses quickly and remains in, Asystole OR wide, slow PEA (<40/min) after 20 – 30 mins with NO other favourable signs of response to efforts (e.g. high EtCO2)
    OR
  • The destination ED is > 15 minutes away from the arrest location, 20 minutes or more of maximal BLS/ALS has been applied, ROSC has not been achieved at any stage and there are no special circumstances or other compelling reasons to continue.
    OR
  • A specifically authorised SJA clinician makes a reasonable decision based upon prognostic futility either on scene or via the Clinical Support Desk or ASMA.
    OR
  • Prolonged CPR in Blunt Traumatic Cardiac Arrest after reversible causes have been addressed is almost never associated with a good outcome. If delivery to an ED cannot be achieved within 25 minutes from arrival on scene, it is reasonable to terminate resuscitation if NO ROSC is achieved after 10 minutes, and Determination of Death criteria are met.
22
Q

ROLE

A
  • No Central Pulses at all and
  • Asystole for >30 seconds[1] and
  • Fixed and Dilated pupils with NO corneal reflexes at all and
  • No signs of Breathing at all and
  • No Auscultated Heart Sounds (if in scope of practice)
23
Q

withholding criteria

A
  • Prolonged Cardiac Arrest (i.e. estimated downtime greater than 15 minutes) and
  • Generally unwitnessed and First assessed rhythm is Asystole and
  • Not received a defibrillation shock and
  • No compelling reasons or special circumstances to continue
    **Expected Deaths / Advanced Directives;
    *** There is credible evidence that death was expected as a result of terminal illness
  • The individual has taken the Voluntary Assisted Dying substance
  • It is the patient’s wishes not to be resuscitated and have previously been clearly communicated and this seems reasonable to attending St John staff. It is not necessary to sight an advanced directive[2]
    **Residential Care Facility[3] patients who;
    ***Are aged 80 years or over and
  • Obviously frail (Frailty Score 7, 8 or 9).
  • Patients in the Community with ALL the following
  • Aged 80 or over with
  • Asystole as the presenting rhythm, and
  • Clearly frail (Frailty Score 7,8 or 9) - most will have life-limiting co-morbidities e.g.
    Chronic Renal Failure, Advanced Dementia or Cerebrovascular disease, Hemiplegia,
    Advanced COPD, Chronic Cardiovascular disease.
24
Q

major trauma - mechanism

A
  • MVA= > 60kmh/h with injuries
    -Ejection from a vehicle
  • Fatality on scene whereby the patient was in the same vehicle
  • MBA > 30km/h with injuries
  • Pedestrian op cyclist with the speed impact >25km/h
  • Fall >3m
  • Penetrating injury to head, neck, torso or proximal extremities
25
Q

major trauma - anatomical

A
  • Poly trauma
  • Open or depressed skull fracture
  • Suspected spinal injury
  • Flail chest
  • Pelvic fractures
  • 2 or more long bone fractures
  • Amputation/ crush injury proximal to hand and foot
  • De-gloving or mangled extremity proximal to hand or foot
26
Q

TCA interventions & timelines

A

Airway
* OPA/NPA
* SGA
B
* 2x BVM ventilations, maximising oxygenation
* Bilateral chest decompression if pneumothorax suspected/chest trauma
C
* Consider CAT
* Consider TPOD
IV/IO access - one attempt

Defib & compressions ongoing
all in 5 mins
7 mins - prepare for extrication
9 mins - Notify receiving hospital
10 mins - transport to nearest hospital, only life-saving interventions en route

If can’t deliver to ED within 25 mins after 79, TOR possible after 10mins of CPR post correction of reversible causes and TOR criteria met

27
Q

pelvic binder contra

A

Patients under 23kg
Isolated hip fractures
Fall from standing

28
Q

classes of shock

A

Class 1 (<15%) - Few signs
Class 2 (15-30) - Increased PR & RR, decreased PP,
Class 3 (30-40) - PR>120, RR 30-40, decompensation SBP <90,
Class 4 (40+) - PR>140, profound drop in SBP, lethargy

29
Q

Spinal criteria
(risk factors + mechanism + assessment)

A

High risk factors
Age: Older than 65 years
Known pre-existing spinal conditions (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal surgery, spinal stenosis
etc.)
Dangerous mechanism(s) of injury, including but not limited to:
- Fall: 1 meter OR 5 stairs
- High axial loading to the head (e.g. diving, rugby scrum, surfing etc.)
- Motor Vehicle Collision at high speed (60km/hr)
- Motor Vehicle Rollover
- Ejection from a vehicle
- Accidents involving motorised recreational vehicles (e.g. quad-bikes, ATV’s, motorbikes, etc.)
- Bicycle collision
- Pedestrian/s struck by vehicle
Abnormal neurological status:
- Obvious or subtle numbness, tingling or strength deficit in peripheries which was not present prior to the
incident/injury

30
Q

Cushing triad

A

Indicators of raised Intracranial Pressure (ICP);
systolic hypertension / widening pulse pressure
bradycardia,
abnormal / deep / irregular respirations (Cheyne-Stokes)

31
Q

90/90/30/4

A

Maintain systolic BP > 90mmHg to maintain cerebral perfusion
• Maintain oxygen saturation > 90% to minimise hypoxia and keep brain oxygenated
• Consider head elevation of 30 degrees if appropriate, to improve venous drainage
• Maintain BSL > 4mmol/L to supply brain with energy (glucose)

32
Q

Rules of nines

A

Head + each arm = 9%
Abdo top/bottom/front/back = 9% each
Each Leg 9% each side

33
Q

Newborn CPR protocol

A

Dry warm stimulate
APGAR
Assess adequate breath/cry
If no, 3x inflation breaths
PR<60 = CPR
PR 60-100 = ventilate 40-60resp/min until PR>100. Consider O2. Check pulse & breathing
PR>100 = routine care

34
Q

ECOLOGY

A

Estimated due date
Complications
OB history
Loss
Obs
Gyn hx
Yuse of drugs

35
Q

APGAR

A

Appearance - Blue all over, blue extremities, normal colour
Pulse - no pulse, <100, >100
Grimace - No response, grimace or feeble cry, cry or movement
Activity - Limp, some movement, active movement
Respirations - none, some/irregular, strong cry

36
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

McRoberts, rubin, rocking rubin, reverse mcroberts

37
Q

Breech

A

MSV

38
Q

Tertiary burns centre consideration criteria

A

10% TBSA burnt, or >5% for paediatrics
Airway burns
Burns to face, hands, feet, perineum, genitalia, joints or neck
Paeds = 15 and under

39
Q

NEXUS CDR

A

Conscious Y/N (N= collar)
Cooperative Y/N (N=MILS+lanyard)
Neuro deficit Y/N (Y=collar)
Risk factors [65+/mech/cond] 2+ / <2 (2+ = precautions+lanyard)
SAID Y/N (Y=precautions+lanyard, N=nil)

40
Q

CPR drill

A

PPE
Danger
History
Response Voice
Response Pain
Catastrophic haemmorhage
Consider c-spine
Airway
Pulse/breathing check
Confirm CPR
Start compressions
Send for backup
Pads
Status check
Deliver/dump
Start timer
Swap
RAMP
Airway
Measure OPA
OPA
Bac filter
BVM
Ventilate
Metronome 15:2
Puck On
ETCO2
Cobbs
Reversible causes
Igel

StJA(WA) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions