General Knowledge Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
A
Diamond
2
Q
What type of rock forms from the cooling of magma or lava?
A
Igneous rock
3
Q
What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical or chemical means?
A
Weathering
4
Q
Which mineral is commonly used in pencils?
A
Graphite
5
Q
What is the term for the process of transforming sediment into solid rock?
A
Lithification
6
Q
True or False: Marble is a metamorphic rock.
A
True
7
Q
What mineral is commonly found in granite?
A
Quartz
8
Q
What type of rock is formed by the accumulation and compression of sediment?
A
Sedimentary rock
9
Q
What is the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust?
A
Feldspar
10
Q
What is the term for the process of rocks changing form due to heat and pressure?
A
Metamorphism
11
Q
What type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rocks by heat and pressure?
A
Metamorphic rock
12
Q
What is the term for the process of rocks being moved from one place to another?
A
Erosion
13
Q
What is the term for the breaking of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition?
A
Mechanical weathering
14
Q
What is the term for the breaking down of rocks through chemical reactions?
A
Chemical weathering
15
Q
What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock?
A
Igneous rock
16
Q
What mineral is commonly found in limestone?
A
Calcite
17
Q
True or False: Basalt is an igneous rock.
A
True
18
Q
What is the process by which sediments are pressed together to form rock?
A
Compaction
19
Q
What mineral is commonly found in sandstone?
A
Quartz
20
Q
What type of rock is formed by the accumulation of organic material?
A
Organic rock
21
Q
What is the term for the process of rocks being dissolved by water or acids?
A
Dissolution
22
Q
What is the term for the removal of dissolved minerals from rocks by water?
A
Leaching
23
Q
What mineral is commonly found in granite and gneiss?
A
Feldspar
24
Q
What is the process of identifying rocks, agates, and minerals called?
A
Lapidary
25
True or False: Agates are a type of rock.
False
26
What is the term for the outer appearance of a mineral?
Luster
27
What is the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals?
Mohs scale
28
What type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
Igneous rock
29
What is the term for the process by which minerals are formed in the Earth's crust?
Crystallization
30
What is the term for the color of a mineral when it is powdered?
Streak
31
What is the term for the way a mineral breaks when it is fractured?
Cleavage
32
What is the term for a rock that is composed of different minerals?
Sedimentary rock
33
What is the term for a rock that has undergone changes due to heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
34
What is the term for the study of rocks and minerals?
Geology
35
What is the term for a rock that is formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments?
Sedimentary rock
36
What is the term for the appearance or quality of a mineral's surface?
Texture
37
What is the term for the process by which minerals are dissolved in water and then recrystallize?
Precipitation
38
What is the term for the way light interacts with the surface of a mineral?
Reflectance
39
What is the term for a rock that is formed from the solidification of molten rock material?
Igneous rock
40
What is the term for the color of a mineral when it is viewed in its natural state?
Color
41
What is the term for the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces?
Weathering
42
What is the term for the process by which rocks are transported and deposited by wind, water, or ice?
Erosion
43
What is the term for the process by which sediments are transformed into solid rock?
Lithification
44
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
Diamond
45
What type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava?
Igneous rock
46
Which mineral is commonly used in making countertops due to its hardness and durability?
Quartz
47
What is the main component of limestone?
Calcium carbonate
48
True or False: Marble is a type of metamorphic rock.
True
49
What is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called?
Weathering
50
Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation of organic remains?
Sedimentary rock
51
What is the most common mineral found in the Earth's crust?
Feldspar
52
What property of a mineral describes its resistance to being scratched?
Hardness
53
What is the color of pure gold?
Yellow
54
What is the process by which rocks are changed by heat and pressure within the Earth's crust?
Metamorphism
55
What is the main component of granite?
Quartz, feldspar, and mica
56
Which mineral is commonly used in pencils due to its softness?
Graphite
57
What is the process by which sediment is turned into rock?
Lithification
58
What is the term for the arrangement of minerals within a rock?
Texture
59
What is the main component of sandstone?
Sand-sized grains of minerals and rock fragments
60
True or False: Diamonds are formed from compressed coal.
False
61
Which mineral is commonly used in electronic devices due to its ability to conduct electricity?
Copper
62
What is the term for the study of rocks and minerals?
Geology
63
What is the process by which liquid rock cools and solidifies?
Crystallization
64
What is the main component of basalt?
Plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
65
What is the term for the process of rocks being moved from one place to another?
Erosion
66
True or False: Granite is an example of an extrusive igneous rock.
False
67
Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rock by heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
68
What is the process of identifying stones and agates based on their physical and chemical properties called?
Mineral identification
69
True or False: Agates are a type of precious stone.
False
70
What is the term for a stone composed of a single mineral?
Monomineralic
71
What is the term for a stone composed of multiple minerals?
Polymineralic
72
What is the term for the color of a stone's powder when it is scratched against a porcelain plate?
Streak color
73
What is the term for the way a stone breaks when fractured?
Cleavage
74
What is the term for the way a stone breaks along irregular surfaces?
Fracture
75
What is the term for the measure of a stone's resistance to scratching?
Hardness
76
What is the scale commonly used to measure the hardness of stones and minerals?
Mohs scale
77
What is the term for the way a stone reflects light from its surface?
Reflectance
78
What is the term for the vividness of color in a stone?
Saturation
79
What is the term for the presence of bands or layers in a stone?
Banding
80
What is the term for the process of examining the internal structure of a stone using a microscope?
Thin section analysis
81
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its physical and optical properties?
Optical mineralogy
82
What is the term for a stone that has a distinctive pattern or coloration?
Agate
83
What is the term for the process of cutting a stone and polishing it to reveal its internal structure?
Lapidary
84
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its chemical composition?
Chemical analysis
85
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its isotopic composition?
Isotope analysis
86
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its crystal structure?
Crystallography
87
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its density?
Density measurement
88
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its magnetic properties?
Magnetic susceptibility
89
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its electrical conductivity?
Electrical resistivity
90
What is the term for the process of identifying a stone based on its radioactivity?
Radioactivity measurement
91
What is the process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces called?
Weathering
92
Which type of rock forms from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?
Igneous rock
93
What type of rock is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediment?
Sedimentary rock
94
What is the process of rocks changing form due to heat, pressure, or chemical reactions called?
Metamorphism
95
Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rock through heat and pressure?
Metamorphic rock
96
What is the most abundant mineral group in Earth's crust?
Silicates
97
What is the hardest mineral on the Mohs scale?
Diamond
98
What is the scale used to measure the hardness of minerals called?
Mohs scale
99
What is the color of a mineral in powdered form called?
Streak
100
What is the term for the arrangement of mineral grains in a rock?
Texture
101
What is the term for the size, shape, and arrangement of mineral grains in a rock?
Grain size
102
What is the term for the alignment of mineral grains in a rock?
Foliation
103
What is the term for the ability of a mineral to split along flat planes?
Cleavage
104
What is the term for the way a mineral breaks when it does not exhibit cleavage?
Fracture
105
What is the term for the resistance of a mineral to being scratched?
Hardness
106
What is the term for the specific gravity of a mineral compared to the weight of an equal volume of water?
Density
107
What is the term for the way a mineral reacts to acid?
Effervescence
108
What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in a mineral's crystal structure?
Crystal lattice
109
What is the term for the deposition of sediment transported by wind, water, or ice?
Sedimentation
110
What is the term for the process of compacting sediment into solid rock?
Lithification
