General Knowledge Flashcards
Should Know (126 cards)
1
Q
How much faster does water conduct heat compared to air?
A
24 times faster
2
Q
How much faster does helium conduct heat compared to air?
A
6 times faster
3
Q
Does light travel faster in air or in water?
A
Light travels faster in air
4
Q
How much faster does sound travel in water compared to air?
A
4 times faster
5
Q
Body fat absorbs nitrogen compared to blood cells by how much?
A
5 times more
6
Q
What is the affinity of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin compared to oxygen?
A
200 times higher
7
Q
What visual phenomenon occurs in clear water compared to turbid water?
A
Objects appear larger and closer in clear water and far and small in turbid water (visual reversal)
8
Q
What is the formula for fluid pressure in a gas?
A
FGV = FV × P
9
Q
What is Boyle’s Law?
A
At constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume (P × V = K)
10
Q
What does Charles’s Law state about gas?
A
For a given mass of gas, either pressure or volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature
11
Q
What does Dalton’s Law state about gas mixtures?
A
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the pressures of each gas
12
Q
What does Henry’s Law state?
A
The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to its partial pressure
13
Q
Fill in the blank: The solubility of gases depends on temperature; lower temperature means _______.
A
more solubility
14
Q
What is the density of fresh water?
A
1000 grams/litre
15
Q
What is the average blood volume in the human body?
A
5-6 litres
16
Q
What is the average breathing rate for a male?
A
12 breaths per minute
17
Q
What is the vital capacity of the lungs?
A
5 litres
18
Q
What is the definition of systemic circulation?
A
Supplies all the body
19
Q
What is the definition of pulmonary circulation?
A
Passes only through the lungs
20
Q
What is the most reliable pulse point?
A
Carotid (neck)
21
Q
What does CNS stand for?
A
Central Nervous System
22
Q
What is the primary function of the brainstem?
A
Controls the functions of heart and lungs
23
Q
How many bones are in the human body?
A
206 bones
24
Q
What is the main cause of compression arthralgia?
A
Rapid (fast) compression causing pain in the joints
25
What is the term for air trapped in the thoracic cavity?
Pneumothorax
26
What is the average nitrogen dissolved in the human body at atmospheric pressure?
1.25 grams or 1 litre
27
What is the treatment for decompression illness (DCI)?
Recompression and decompression using appropriate therapeutic table and high PPO2
28
What is the definition of hypoxia?
Below 0.16 bar or 160 mb
29
What is the definition of hypercapnia?
Headache, sweating, increased respiration, dizziness, and nausea
30
What is the maximum permissible partial pressure of CO2 in a chamber and bell?
10 mb
31
What does the term 'anoxia' refer to?
Instant collapse and death
32
What is the average metabolic consumption in a chamber per day per diver?
0.72 m³
33
What is the average metabolic consumption in a chamber per minute per diver?
0.5 litres
34
What is the effect of rapid descent or rapid compression deeper than 100 feet?
Loss of coordination and tremors due to HPNS (High-Pressure Nervous Syndrome)
35
What does the term 'silent bubble' refer to?
Micro bubbles that can be detected after decompression in the body with micro Doppler test
36
What are the symptoms of Type 1 decompression illness (DCI)?
Pain only and skin symptoms
37
What are the symptoms of Type 2 decompression illness (DCI)?
Serious DCI affecting brain and spinal cord
38
What is the treatment success rate for DCI treatment within 30 minutes?
90% success
39
What is the maximum PPO2 in nitrox diving?
1.4 bar
40
What is the definition of arterial gas embolism?
Bubbles in the bloodstream causing paralysis, visual disturbance, and loss of balance
41
What is the primary danger of pulmonary overinflation?
Rupture of alveolar lining leading to serious complications
42
What is the definition of aural barotrauma?
Pressure injury to the ear
43
What is the purpose of the Valsalva maneuver?
Clearing of the ear
44
What does the term 'barotrauma' refer to?
Pressure injury
45
What is the effect of acute oxygen poisoning in water at more than 1.6 bar PPO2?
Affects the brain directly
46
What are the symptoms of acute oxygen poisoning?
Visual disturbance, tunnel vision, hearing problems, nausea, twitching, irritation, dizziness, convulsions, and coma
47
What does hypothermia refer to?
Body heating below certain depths, specifically below 50 meters
48
What are the symptoms of hydrogen sulfide exposure?
Symptoms include cherry red complexion, headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, shortness of breath, and unconsciousness.
49
What is a characteristic smell of hydrogen sulfide at lower concentrations?
Bad egg smell.
50
What happens to the sense of smell at higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide?
There is no smell as the sense organ gets damaged.
51
What is hypothermia?
A condition where body temperature falls below normal levels.
52
At what body core temperature is serious hypothermia considered?
A 2°C fall in body core temperature from 37°C.
53
What are the critical temperature points for hypothermia?
Shivering at 36°C, collapse at 30°C, death at 25°C.
54
True or False: Never assume a hypothermic victim is dead until they are warm and dead.
True.
55
What defines hyperthermia?
Body core temperature exceeds 39°C.
56
How quickly can drowning lead to death?
Death can occur in 4-5 minutes.
57
What is secondary drowning?
Occurs when fresh water causes hemodilution or sea water causes hemoconcentration in the lungs.
58
What is the difference between dry drowning and wet drowning?
Dry drowning has no water in the lungs as the epiglottis closes, while wet drowning involves water in the lungs.
59
What is the IMCA D 010 document about?
General diving procedures.
60
What should the recording of diving activities be kept for?
For a minimum of 48 hours and until an investigation is complete after an incident.
61
What are the minimum waiting times for flying after diving for no-stop dives?
2 hours for short flights, 8 hours for long flights, and 24 hours for deeper dives.
62
What is the required safety factor for man riding systems?
8:1.
63
What should be done to diver umbilicals?
They should be tied to keep the diver 5 meters away from thrusters or suction.
64
What should the thermal confusion diver be aware of?
The diver is unable to judge heating requirements.
65
What is the maximum allowable temperature for gas cylinders?
Not more than 45°C.
66
What are the color codes for gas cylinders?
* He – Brown
* O2 – White
* N2 – Black
* Ar – Dark Blue
* CO2 – Grey
* Cal Gas – Pink
67
What should be avoided in oxygen systems to prevent fire?
Teflon tape.
68
What is the maximum PPM of CO2 allowed in breathing air?
500 PPM.
69
What is the significance of the golden rule in gas analysis?
Analyze before putting online.
70
What is the minimum team requirement for surface supplied diving?
5 members.
71
What is the maximum depth for air and nitrox diving?
50 meters.
72
What should be done in case of loss of communication during a dive?
Give line signals and terminate the dive.
73
What is the primary role of a standby diver?
To assist the working diver and provide emergency support.
74
What is the significance of the IMCA D 014 document?
Code of practice for diving.
75
What is a necessary precaution when handling explosives?
One person should be responsible for handling.
76
What should be done after a misfire with explosives?
Wait 30 minutes before approaching.
77
What is the minimum safe distance from iridium IR 192?
8 meters.
78
What is the required oxygen reserve for therapeutic use?
90 m3.
79
What kind of valves should be used for oxygen supply?
Quarter turn valves only.
80
How should single cylinders be stored?
In vertical position.
81
What is the maximum bottom time for mixed gas below 50 meters?
30 minutes.
82
What should be ensured during decompression?
The diver must ascend as planned and avoid hard physical work.
83
What is the maximum depth for surface mix gas diving?
75 meters.
84
What is the maximum treatment depth for a chamber in diving operations?
Sufficient air to pressurize both locks of DDC to max possible treatment depth and to complete three decompression cycles as reserve
## Footnote
DDC stands for Deep Diving Chamber.
85
What are the three classes of loss of position for DP vessels?
* Class I: Loss of position may occur in the event of single fault
* Class II: Single fault of an active component, loss of position should not occur
* Class III: Loss of position should not occur even during completely burnt or flooded single compartment
86
True or False: All DSVs should be at least Class I.
False
## Footnote
All DSVs should be at least Class II.
87
What is required for position reference systems in DP operations?
At least three position reference systems, with one on standby and two of different types
## Footnote
Position reference systems should have separate power supplies.
88
What are some examples of position reference systems?
* Taut Wire
* Artemis
* HPR – Hydro Acoustic Position Reference
* DGPS – Digital Global Positioning System
* Fan Beam
89
What is the maximum angle for the taut wire in DP operations?
15 degrees
90
What is the operating range for fan beam systems compared to the human eye?
35-50% better in poor visibility
91
What should be done to avoid errors with the Artemis system?
Artemis should be switched off during radio silence for wire line explosive work and should always be online.
92
Fill in the blank: The air purity standard for breathing air is ______.
[BSEN 12021]
93
What is the maximum bell run time for two-man bells?
Max 8 hours
94
What is the minimum medical oxygen purity required?
99.5% minimum
95
What is the safety factor for wire rope in diving operations?
8:1
96
What should be done with cutting and grinding discs after use underwater?
Discard them after one use
97
What is the maximum lock-out time for two-man bells?
Max 4 hours, with an extension of max 30 min with recorded agreement
98
What is the requirement for the anemometer in diving operations?
There should be two anemometers at different locations with separate supply cables.
99
What is the maximum movement of the vessel with a diver in the water?
10 meters with 5 meter stops
100
What should be done with the breathing mixture before connecting online?
All gas must be analyzed on receipt and prior to connection online.
101
What is the purpose of a bail-out bottle in diving operations?
To increase survival time with increased PPO2
102
What is the requirement for video recording during diving operations?
Video recording to be kept for 48 hours.
103
What is the maximum duration for decompression after diving at 2000 feet?
2 hours for no decompression
104
What is the rule regarding diving after treatment?
24 hours after complete recovery
105
What is the significance of the DMAC 1 report?
Recording and reporting of diving incidents
106
What should be done with batteries while charging?
Good ventilation required while charging batteries.
107
What is the maximum lockout time for DMAC 20?
Bell lockout time
## Footnote
Specific guidelines for lockout procedures
108
What are the SAT rules as per DMAC 21?
SAT no more than 28 days
## Footnote
Guidelines for scheduling Saturation Tests
109
What is the maximum time allowed for SAT in exceptional circumstances?
50% of SAT time or 10 days, whichever is less, max of 182 days a year
## Footnote
Regulations for SAT scheduling adjustments
110
What is the proximity requirement to RCC as per DMAC 22?
Diver should be within 20 minutes up to 4 hours and 2 hours distance for 12 hours
## Footnote
Safety protocols for divers' proximity to emergency services
111
What is the use of HeO2 for treatment in diving?
Sufficient analyzers for continuous monitoring of the reclaim, bell, DDC, and divers
## Footnote
Importance of monitoring equipment in diving operations
112
How is oxygen concentration treated when it exceeds 25%?
Treated as 100%
## Footnote
Safety measures for high oxygen levels in diving environments
113
What is the requirement for a closed bell in terms of diver safety?
Need to be capable of sustaining trapped divers for 24 hours
## Footnote
Design specifications for emergency situations in diving
114
What is the minimum height requirement for a basket used in diving operations?
More than 2 meters
## Footnote
Safety standards for equipment used in diving rescues
115
What should a diver not approach during a dive?
Any pipeline which is pressurized and under test
## Footnote
Safety protocols regarding pressurized systems
116
What is the minimum uninterrupted rest period required in SAT?
At least 12 hours
## Footnote
Regulations for diver rest during saturation diving
117
What should be used when opening a flood valve?
Deflectors
## Footnote
Equipment handling procedures in diving operations
118
What is the requirement for a wellhead in diving operations?
Double block and bleed
## Footnote
Safety measures for wellhead operations
119
What may need to be switched off during diving operations?
ICCP
## Footnote
Considerations for electrical systems in underwater environments
120
What factors should be considered when working near a flare?
Wind speed and direction
## Footnote
Safety assessments for operations near potential hazards
121
How long should habitats keep divers alive?
48 hours
## Footnote
Life support requirements in underwater habitats
122
What is the mandatory color scheme for safety signs?
Blue background with white symbols
## Footnote
Standardization of safety signage in diving operations
123
What does a red border and cross on a black symbol indicate?
Prohibition sign
## Footnote
Signage for restricted areas in diving operations
124
What do yellow and black colors indicate in diving safety?
Warning
## Footnote
Color coding for safety alerts in diving environments
125
What is the maximum allowable CO2 concentration in diving operations?
5 MB, 0.5%, 5000 PPM, 500 ML
## Footnote
Limits for carbon dioxide exposure in diving
126
True or False: Fire will take place if oxygen levels are below 8%.
False
## Footnote
Oxygen concentration thresholds for combustion
