General Laboratory Safety

Question 1

Used wherever “hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants are encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact”

Answer 1

PPE standard

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

PPE Standard requires employers provide and pay for PPE

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)
Toxins (Those affecting liver, kidney, nervous system)
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes

Answer 3

Chemical Hazards in the laboratory

Question 4

Laboratory Standard (Five major elements)

Answer 4

Hazard identification
Chemical hygiene plan
Information and training
Exposure monitoring
Medical consultation and examinations

Question 5

These hazards are present in various sources throughout the laboratory such as blood and body fluids, culture specimens, body tissue and cadavers and laboratory animals, as well as other workers

Answer 5

Biological hazards

Question 6

Biological agents (other than bloodborne pathogens) and Biological Toxins

Answer 6

Biological Hazards

Question 7

Designed to protect workers from the health hazards of exposure to bloodborne pathogens

Answer 7

OSHA Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) standard

Question 8

A written exposure control plan, provide training to exposed worker, and comply with other requirements of the standard, including use of standard precautions when dealing with blood and OPIM

Answer 8

OSHA Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) standard

Question 9

OSHA revised the bloodborne pathogens standard:

Employers to select safer needle devices and to involve workers in identifying and choosing these devices
Maintain a log of injuries from contaminated sharps

Answer 9

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act

Question 10

Materials which burn or ignite
Example: Acetonitrile, Methanol. Diesel Fuel, Mineral Spirits

Answer 10

FLAMMABLE

(logo is red with fire 3)

Question 11

Materials which cause visible destruction and/or irreversible alterations at point of contact
Example: Acetic Acid, Photographic Fixer, Sodium Hydroxide

Answer 11

CORROSIVE

(logo is half white half grey and has a hand na tinatapunan ng test tube, 8)

Question 12

Materials which are liable to explode or react violently on contact with air, water or other chemicals
Example: Benzoyl Peroxide, Nitric Acid, Picric Acid, Silane, Sodium Metal

Answer 12

REACTIVE

(logo is yellow with fire symbol that has circle in the middle, 5.1)

Question 13

Materials which cause harm if they enter the body, such as carcinogens, mutagens and poisons
Example: Benzene, Bromine, Powdered Inks and/or Pigments, Sodium Azide, Formaldehyde

Answer 13

TOXI

(logo is with with skull symbol, 6)

Question 14

Materials which cause harm by irritating the eyes and/or skin, and cause allergic reactions, drowsiness, lack of coordination and/or organ damage

Answer 14

IRRITANT

(logo is an exclamation point with red borders on white background, no number)

Question 15

Materials which are toxic and/or cause harm to the environment at large, particularly aquatic animals

Example: Anthrax, Arsenic, Asbestos, Lead, Mercury, Oil

Answer 15

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

(logo has red border and a fish dying and a naked tree, no number)

Question 16

(1) Other body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood
(2) Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human (living or dead); and
(3) HIV- or HBV- containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures and HIV or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV

Answer 16

OPIM means:

Question 17

Caused by musculoskeletal strains

Answer 17

Ergonomic Hazards

Question 18

Laboratory workers are at risk for repeititve motion injuries during routine laboratory procedures such as pipetting, working aat microscopes, operating microtomes, using cell counters and keyboarding at computer workstations

Answer 18

Ergonomic Hazards

Question 19

Repetitive motion injuries develop over time and occur when muscles and joints are stressed, tendons are inflamed, nerves are pinched and the flow of blood is restricted.

Standing and working in awkward positions in front of laboratory hoods/biological safety cabinets can also present these problems

Answer 19

Ergonomic Hazards

Question 20

Sets forth the limitations on exposure to radiation from atomic particles.

Answer 20

OSHA’s Ionizing Radiation Standard

Question 21

Sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings, including laboratories. These radiation sources can pose a considerable health risk to affected workers if not properly controlled

Answer 21

Ionizing Radiation

Question 22

Described as a series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at the speed of light

Answer 22

Non-ionizing Radiation

Question 23

Nonionizing radiation includes the spectrum of

Answer 23

Ultraviolet (UV)
Visible light
Infared (IR)
Microwave (MW)
Radio Frequency (RF)
Extremely Low frequency (ELF)

Question 24

Commonly operate in the UV, Visible, and IR frequencies

Answer 24

Lasers

Question 25

Found in a wide range of occupational settings and can pose a considerable health risk to potentially exposed workers if not properly controlled

Answer 25

Non-ionizing radiation

Question 26

OSHA's Occupational Noise Exposure standard requires employers to develop and implement a hearing conservation program that includes __ if Workers are exposed to a time-weighted average (TWA) of ≥85 dBA.

Answer 26

Use of PPE (e.g hearing protectors) In addition when workers are exposed to noise levels ≥85 dBA, the employer must develop a monitoring program to assess noise levels

Question 27

Safety Hazards Centrifuges due to the ___ at which they operate, have great potential for injuring users if not operated properly

Answer 27

High Speed

Question 28

Safety Hazards ___ centrifuge rotors can result in injury, even death.

Answer 28

Unbalanced

Question 29

Sample container breakage can generate __ that may be harmful if inhaled

Answer 29

aerosols

Question 30

Majority of all centrifuge accidents are the result of ___

Answer 30

user error

Question 31

Potential for possible electrocution or electric shock or contact with electrical hazards factors

Answer 31

Faulty electrical equipment/instrumentation or wiring; Damaged receptacles and connectors Unsafe Work practices

Question 32

Most common serious hazard that one faces in a typical laboratory

Answer 32

Fire

Question 33

Laboratories especially those using solvents in any quantity have the potentials for:

Answer 33

Flash fires Explosion Rapid spread of fire High toxicity of products and combustion (heat, smoke, and flame)

Question 34

Worker exposure to wet floors or spills and clutter leads to

Answer 34

Trips, Slips, and Falls

Question 35

In addition to being a slip hazard, continually wet surfaces promote the growth of ________ that can cause infections

Answer 35

mold, fungi, and bacteria

Question 36

Keep floors clean and dry Provide warning (caution) signs for wet floor areas

Answer 36

Trips, Slips and Falls

Question 37

Maintain drainage and provide false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places where practicable or provide appropriate waterproof footgear

Answer 37

Where wet processes are used

Question 38

Standard that requires all employers keep all places of employment clean and orderly in a sanitary condition

Answer 38

Walking/Working Surfaces standard

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE Acceptable eyewash facilities within the immediate work area for emergency use is provided by the employers to prevent exposure

Answer 39

TRUE (If there is any possibility that a worker's eyes may be splashed with solutions containing 0.1% or greater formaldehyde)

Question 40

RACE in case of fire

Answer 40

R = Rescue/remove all occupants A = Activate the alarm system C = Confine the fire by closing doors E = Evacuate / Extinguish

Question 41

PASS for fire extinguishers

Answer 41

P = Pull the pin A = Aim extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire S = Squeeze the trigger while holding the extinguisher upright S = Sweep the extinguisher from side to side; cover the fire with the spray

Question 42

To ensure quality services that guarantees patient's satisfaction To produce high quality sections within and between laboratories To generate accurate, timely and complete reports To reduce turn around time To promote ethics and professionalism To enhance improved performance To enhance continuous training and professional development

Answer 42

Objectives of quality control in histopathology laboratory

Question 43

Surgical pathology Cytopathology report Autopsy report

Answer 43

Histopath reports

Question 44

How many number of copies prepared per report

Answer 44

Three copies

Question 45

Signatories

Answer 45

Request forms Result forms

Question 46

Specimen handling

Answer 46

Fix First Label

Question 47

Routine turn-over of results

Answer 47

Surgical pathology and cytology Frozen section Autopsy report

Question 48

Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides Specimen (and if medicolegal)

Answer 48

3-6mos 3 years if medicolegal

Question 49

Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides Tissue blocks

Answer 49

At least 10 years

Question 50

Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides Slides

Answer 50

At least 10 years

Question 51

Laboratory design Personnel Equipment Sampling Request form Fixation Transportation Registration Laboratory number Reagets ICT

Answer 51

Pre-analytical Requirements

Question 52

Grossing Tissue processing Standard Operating Procedures Controls Equipment Screening of slides

Answer 52

Analytical Requirements

Question 53

Reporting Interpretation Typing of reports Communication Adulting Dispatch of reports Block archive Tissue Bank CPD Inventory Critical Value reporting Quality assurance Laboratory Information System

Answer 53

Post-Analytical Requirements

Question 54

Results details will include at least:

Answer 54

Patient identification data Name and address of the laboratory Name of requesting physician Laboratory ID number Data of specimen procurement (specimen date) Date of arrival of the specimen in the laboratory Sample type Anatomical site of origin Relevant clinical details

Question 55

Any invasive lesions are classified and graded according to __

Answer 55

National protocols and guidelines

Question 56

Microscopic diagnosis will record all grades of

Answer 56

squamous and/or glandular intra-epithelial neoplasia and invasive lesions Distribution of a lesion will note if an orientated specimen has been submitted

Question 57

Other significant pathologic features such as _____ will be recorded

Answer 57

significant inflammatory changes

Question 58

Performance evaluations Periodic audit of histopathology outcomes Monitoring of non-conformities MDT review of slides Monitoring histopathology detection and reporting rates Correlation of cytology with clinical/histological outcome

Answer 58

Quality Requirement Internal quality control

Question 59

Time between date and reporting results of the specimen from date of specimen arrival within the laboratory Small and Large Specimens

Answer 59

Quality assurance in histopathology turnaround time (TAT)