General medical Flashcards by Franklin Trainer

endocrine glands
duct?
where are effects?

ductless
secrete hormones into circulation resulting in widespread effects

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exocrine glands
duct?
where are effects

release chemicals through duct and have localized effects

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Hypothalamus location

deep in cerebrum of brain

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Pituitary gland nickname

master gland

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anterior pituitary gland hormones

adrenocorticotropic hormone
thyroid stiimulating hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
prolactin

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posterior pit gland hormones

antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin

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diabetes insipidus features

large output of urine
inadequate adh secretion

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thyroid shape and location

butterfly shape in neck anterior to inferior larynx

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parathyroid location

four small glands located on posterior lateral surface of thyroid

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thyroxine t4

stimulates cell metabolism
made in thyroid

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triidothyronine t3

stimulates cell metabolism
made in thyroid

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calcitonin

lowers blood calcium level
made in thyroid

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parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium level
antagonist to calcitonin
made in parathyroid

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thymus location and fucntion

located in mediastinum just below sternum
secretes thymosin

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pancreas location
tissue types

LUQ
has both endocrine and exocrine tissues

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islets of langerhans function
cell type and function

alpha- glucagon
beta insulin
delta somatostatin

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pineal gland location and function

located in thalamus in brain
releases melatonin

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DKA

no insulin, fast onset
bgl around 500

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hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome

cells resistant to insulin
slow onset
severe dehydration
bgl can be 1000

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thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm)
ss

severe tachycardia
associated with graves disease (goiter)
hf
dysrhythmia
shock
hyperthermia
agitation
delierium

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graves disease

excessive thyroid activity characterized by goiter and protruding eyes

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hypothyroidism

low levels of hormones produced
cold intolerant

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hyperthyroidism

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excessive levels of thyroid hormones produced, heat intolerant

myxedema

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form of hypothyroid
thickining of skin on nose throat and lips

characterized by hypothermia and decreased loc

Cushings syndrome results from what

high cortisol and aldosterone level may be caused by long term adminsitration of corticosteroid drugs

cushings syndrome ss

moon face weight gain muscle atrophy of arms and legs

adrenal disorder simple difference

low cortisol and aldosterone = addison disease high cotisol and aldosterone cushing

addisons disease ss

weakness, weight loss, anorexia skin hyperpigmentation hypotnetion hyperkalemia

visceral pain

organ pain cramping gas type pain difficult to localize

somatic pain

constant stabbing pain

upper and lower gi seperation

ligament of treitz

causes of upper gi blled

peptic ulcer gastritis variceal rupture gastric or duodenal ulcer

causes of lower gi bleed

diverticulosis colon lesions rectal lesion anal fissures inflammatory bowel disorder

mallory weiss tear

laceration of esophagus casued by retching and vomiting associated with bulimia. tear does not extend through entire esophagus

boerhaave syndrom

upper gi bleed rupture of esophagus from prolonged retching and vomiting tear travels entirely through esophageal wall

acute gastritis characteristics and symptoms

inflammation of stomach and intestines with SUDDEN vomiting

#1 cause of upper gi bleed

peptic ulcer

ulcerative colitis

unknown cause, occurs in rectum and large intestine, bloody stool with mucous

Chrons disease ss

GI bleeding, weight loss, intermittant abd cramping nausea and vomiting, dirrhea RAPID ONSET

#1 cause of lower GI bleed

Diverticulosis

SS diverticulitis

lower left sided pain, fever n/v tenderness on palpation

mcburneys point

1-2 in between anterior iliac crest and umbilicus

what is cholecystitis

inflammation of gallbladder caused by gallstones typically occurs after a large meal

murphys sign

right costal tenderness

hep A route

fecal oral

hep b route

BBP

hep c route

blood transfusions

hep E route

waterborne

Hepatitis ss

RUQ pain jaundice n/v photophobia

two types of immunity

cellular humoral

what is cellular immunity

direct attack on a foreign substance by special cells

what is humoral immunity

chemical attack of a substance antibodies are used to accomplish this IGG

what does IgE do

allergen attaches to IgE of basophils and mast cells then produces histamines

what does histamine do in body

causes bronchoconstriction, increased intestinal motilit, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

anaphylaxis treatment

o2 is first line treatment..... epi every 15-20 min benadryl, steriods, albuterl

neurogenic shock causes

loss of vasomotor tone due to unoppsoed parasympathethic response treat with 20ml/kg bolus

what is cystic fibrosis

inhereted metabolic disease of lungs sweat glands, digestive and reproductive system production of thick mucous which leads to chronic lung infections

General medical Flashcards

(57 cards)