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General Medicine symptoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Asthma

A

Cough, wheeze, chest tightness, shortness of breath. Most frequent in young children and symptoms are worse at night. Increased IgE.

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2
Q

(Acute) Bronchitis

A

Begins with irritating and unproductive cough, later green or yellow sputum. Chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, mild fever, neutrophil leucocytosis (high white blood cell count).

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3
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Productive cough, wheeze, breathlessness, frequent infections, hypertension (high blood pressure), osteoporosis (decrease in bone mass), weight loss, loss of muscle mass.

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4
Q

Emphysema

A

Main: Shortness of breath, blue/grey lips or fingernails, mentally not alert
+ See COPD

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5
Q

Oesophageal varices

A

Vomiting blood, black tarry or bloody stools, Jaundice (yellow skin), spider nevi (swollen blood vessels just beneath the skin

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6
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Coughing, shortness of breath.

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7
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Sudden unilateral (one sided) pleuritic pain. Breathlessness.

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8
Q

Pneumonia

A

Acute illness, cough, purulent sputum (pus), fever, consolidation of the lung (fluid in it).

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9
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Breathlessness. Pleuritic chest pain (pain while breathing) and haemoptysis (coughing blood). High heart rate (tachycardia).

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10
Q

Rhinitis

A

Nasal irritation, sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea, itchy eyes.

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11
Q

Gastritis

A

Burning ache in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting

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12
Q

Gallstones

A

Pain in upper right abdomen, back pain between shoulder blades, pain in right shoulder, pain lasts minutes to hours

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13
Q

Coeliac disease

A

Anaemia, osteoporosis (loss bone density), esteomalacia (softening of bone), fatigue, joint pain, acid reflux and heartburn

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14
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, ketone in urine, fatigue, blurred vision (glucose osmosis), frequent infections

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15
Q

Diabetes ketoacidosis

A

Same as diabetes, abdominal pain, fruity-scented breath

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16
Q

Diabetes retinopathy

A

Spots or dark strings floating in vision, blurred vison, difficulty with colour perception

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17
Q

Diabetes nephropathy

A

Oedema, foamy urine, poor appetite, nausea, fatigue, frequent hiccups

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18
Q

Diabetes neuropathy

A

Numbness or tingling in feet or hands, sharp/jabbing/burning pain, extreme sensitive to touch, lack of coordination and falling, heat intolerance

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19
Q

Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD)

A

Heartburn, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, acid reflux, sensation of lump in throat

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20
Q

Hepatitis

A

Fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine, jaundice (yellow skin), fever (HepB and HepC), muscle and joint pain, easy bleeding, spider angiomas (HepC), swelling of legs (HepC), fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascitis (HepC))

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21
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Sudden weight loss, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), increased appetite, nervousness, sweating, brittle hair, skin thinning, tremor

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22
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Fatigue, dry skin, constipation, unexplained weight gain, thinning hair, slowed heart beat

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23
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

Diarrhoea, fever and fatigue, blood in stool, reduced appetite, unintended weight loss

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24
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Diarrhoea, fever, abdominal pain, blood in stool, mouth sores, reduced appetite and weight loss, perianal disease

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25
Ulcerative colitis
Abdominal pain and cramping, rectal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, diarrhoea, fever
26
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Abdominal pain, bloated feeling, gas, diarrhoea and/or constipation, mucus in stool
27
Liver cirrhosis
Fatigue, bruising or bleeding easily, itchy skin, jaundice, fluid accumulation in abdomen (ascites), loss of appetite, nausea, swelling of legs, weight loss, confusion, spider angiomas
28
Peptic ulcer disease
Burning pain anywhere from navel to breastbone, worsen when stomach is empty, disappears and returns
29
Perforated ulcers
Additional blood in vomit or stool, anaemia, infection, scar tissue blocking passage of food
30
Pancreatitis
Upper abdominal pain, feels worsen after eating, nausea and vomiting, oily smelly stools
31
Alzheimer’s disease
Starts with short term memory loss. Can result in problems with language, disorientation, mood swings, loss of motivation, no self-care and behavioural issues.
32
Parkinson (idiopathic)
Tremors, slowed movement, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance, loss of automatic movements (blinking etc.), speech changes, writing changes.
33
Bell’s Palsy
Rapid onset. Facial droop. Drooling, Pain around jaw, increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side, headache, decreased taste ability, changes in amount of tears and saliva produced.
34
Epilepsy
Temporary confusion, staring, uncontrollable jerking, loss of consciousness or awareness, psychic symptoms.
35
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Paralysis in parts of the body. Slurred speech or difficulty understanding others. Blindness in one or both eyes, or double vision. Dizziness.
36
Brain/cerebral infarction (stroke)
See TIA
37
Brain/cerebral haemorrhage
See TIA
38
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
“Thunderclap headache (like being kicked hard in the head developing over seconds to minutes)”
39
Migraine
A predrome phase: prior to the migraine you notice subtle changes. Aura may occur (could be vision loss, bright shapes, pins and needles sensation in arm or leg and speech problems). Lasts up to 72 hours.
40
Neurogenic claudication
Pain while walking and prolonged standing and is classically relieved by a change in position or flexing the joints.
41
Meningitis / encephalitis
Headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, confusion.
42
(Poly) neuropathy
Weakness, numbness, pins-an-needles, burning pain. Usually begins in hands and feet.
43
Anaemia
Feeling tired, weakness, shortness of breath, poor ability to exercise, confusion, feeling like one is going to pass out.
44
Arterial and venous thrombosis (slagader en ader)
Pain and swelling of affected limb.
45
Cardiac arrest
Sudden collapse, no pulse, no breathing, loss of consciousness.
46
Cardiac arrhythmias
No clear symptoms. Doctor often finds it before you do. Slight chest pain, shortness of breath, light-headedness, dizziness, near fainting.
47
(Congestive) heart failure
Congested lung (fluid backup in the lungs), Fluid and water retention (swollen ankles etc), dizziness, fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeats.
48
Coronary artery disease(CAD)/ Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
Chest pain (Angina pectoris), shortness of breath, heart attack.
49
Hyperlipidaemia / Hyper-cholesterolemia
No real symptoms felt by patient?
50
Myocardial infarction
Pain in chest or arm that may spread to your neck, jaw or back. Nausea. Shortness of breath, cold sweat, fatigue.
51
Pericarditis
Sharp stabbing chest pain behind the breastbone.
52
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)/ vascular disease
Mild to no symptoms, though sometimes leg pain. However your leg may change a bit(less hair, colour, nail growth) due to the low blood supply. Additional symptoms: - Intermittent Claudication (muscle pain) - Acute Limb Ischaemia (lack of blood to limb) - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (enlarged abdominal aorta (blood build-up) - Varicose veins (enlarged/twisted veins).
53
Valvular heart disease / Rheumatic heart disease
Chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, fever, rapid weight gain.
54
Sudden cardiac death
Ventricular fibrillation. Some people feel dizzy when it starts but you pass out real quick.
55
Urinary tract infection / cystitis
Frequent micturition with burning sensation, haematuria (blood in urine), cloudy or strong smelling, pressure in lower abdomen
56
Candidiasis
Irritated, red vagina. Thick, white, and odour free vaginal discharge
57
Chlamydia trachomatis infection / Trachoma
Painful urination, lower abdominal pain, discharge from end urinary tract, testicular pain, bleeding between period in women
58
Glomerulonephritis
Haematuria (blood in urine), proteinuria (protein in urine (nephron damage)), hypertension, oedema (fluid retention), fatigue from anaemia
59
Gonorrhoeal disease
Painful urination, discharge, pain in one testicle, vaginal bleeding between periods, abdominal and pelvic pain in women
60
Herpes Simplex Virus infection
Pain or itching, small red bumps or tiny white blisters, ulcers, scabs
61
HIV
Fever, headache, muscle ache, rash, chills, sore throat, mouth or genital ulcer, joint pain, swollen lymph glands, mainly on neck
62
Prostatitis
Frequent and painful micturition, pain in lower abdomen, pain between scrotum and rectum, painful orgasms, flu like symptoms (bacterial prostatitis)
63
Pyelonephritis
Fever, back and flank pain, frequent and painful urination, haematuria (blood in urine), urine smells or is cloudy
64
Renal disease
Nausea and vomiting, fatigue, muscle twitches and cramps, oedema, hypertension
65
Renal calculi / nephrolithiasis/urolithiasis
Pain in lower abdomen and back and flanks, haematuria, cloudy or smelly urine, nausea and vomiting, frequent and painful micturition
66
Syphilis
First a small sore, rash that can cover whole body,
67
Trichomonas vaginalis infection
A lot of vaginal discharge, often foul smelling in colours, white, grey, yellow, green. Genital redness, burning and itching. Painful urination
68
Breast disease
Weight loss | Breast lump or thickening. Bloody discharge from the nipple, redness of skin.
69
Benign prostate hypertrophy
More frequent urination and unsteady flow.
70
Brain tumour: Glioma
Weight loss | Vary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.
71
Brain tumour: Meningioma
Weight loss | Vary greatly. Basically every brain function could be disturbed.
72
Carcinoma
Weight loss is often the first symptom. Other symptoms depend on the location of the tumour.
73
Colorectal carcinoma
Weight loss. | Change in bowel habits. Rectal bleeding. Persistent cramps. Feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty completely. Weakness
74
Gastric cancer
Weight loss. | Fatigue, feeling bloated after eating, stomach pain, vomiting that is persistent.
75
Liver carcinoma
Weight loss. | Loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, jaundice, white chalky stools.
76
Lung carcinoma
``` Weight loss. Chronic cough (smoker’s cough), shortness of breath, coughing blood, chest pain, wheezing. ```
77
Mesothelioma
Weight loss. | Abdominal pain or chest pain, Painful coughing, shortness of breath, unusual lumps of tissue under the skin.
78
Oesophageal cancer
Weight loss. | Difficulty swallowing, chest pain, coughing or hoarseness.
79
Pancreas carcinoma
Weight loss. | Abdominal pain, Jaundice, loss of appetite, depression, blood clots.
80
Prostate carcinoma
Trouble urinating, blood in semen, discomfort in pelvic area, bone pain, erectile dysfunction.
81
Renal and Urothelial carcinoma
Weight loss. | Blood in urine, back pain just below the ribs, fatigue, intermittent fever.
82
Osteoporosis (Rheumatology)
Back pain caused by fractured or collapsed vertebra, loss of height, stooped posture, easy bone fractures
83
Tinnitus
Phantom noises in ear (ringing, buzzing, clicking, etc.)
84
Tuberculosis
Coughing for more than three weeks, coughing blood, chest pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite
85
Depression
Feeling sadness, loss of interest, angry outbursts, anxiety, sleep disturbances
86
Premature menopause
Irregular or missing periods, heavier or lighter, hot flashes through upper body
87
Spinal cord compression
Back pain, paralysis of limbs below the level of compression, and other things that are controlled by the spinal cord.
88
Lumbago (mechanical lower back pain)
Acute pain after movement of the spine
89
Anorexia nervosa
Extreme weight loss, Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, dizziness, hair thins/breaks/falls out, etc. (starvation symptoms).
90
Hernia nucleus pulposus
Can range to no pain to severe and unrelenting neck or lower back pain.
91
Torsio testis/testicular torsion
Pain in scrotum, swelling, abdominal pain, nausea.
92
Varicocele
No significant signs or symptoms. Rarely pain.
93
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pain in lower abdomen and pelvis. Heavy vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour, Irregular menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, fever, painful or difficult urination.
94
Pick’s disease
Difficulty in language and thinking, dissociation from family, behavioural changes, anxiety etc.
95
Renal insufficiency
Weakness, shortness of breath, lethargy, confusion, abnormal heart rhythms, sudden death.
96
Hypertension
No real symptoms, even in blood pressure reaches dangerously high levels. Sometimes: headaches, dizziness, more nosebleeds.

General Medicine Symptoms (6 decks)

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