General Organisation of the Head and Neck

Question 1

how many layers of fascia are there in the neck

Answer 1

1 superficial cervical fascia and 3 deep

Question 2

what are the 3 deep fascia in the neck

Answer 2

investing layer, pretracheal layer and the prevertebral layer

Question 3

what is contained in the superficial cervical fascia

Answer 3

adipose tissue, neurovascular structures, lymph nodes and the platysma muscles

Question 4

what is the main blood vessel found within the superficial crevice fascia

Answer 4

external jugular vein

Question 5

what is contained within the investing fascia layer

Answer 5

SCM and trapezius muscle, sublingual and parotid salivary glands

Question 6

where is the retropharyngeal space found

Answer 6

behind the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pre-vertebral membrane

Question 7

what are the symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 7

difficultly swallowing, painful movement of the neck

Question 8

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath

Answer 8

carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Question 9

what forms the anterior triangle in the neck

Answer 9

anterior border of SCM, midline of the neck and lower margin of the mandible

Question 10

what forms the posterior triangle in the neck

Answer 10

posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius and the clavicle

Question 11

what forms the carotid triangle

Answer 11

anterior border of SCM, posterior border of omohyoid and inferior border of digastric

Question 12

which cranial nerve root is the trigeminal nerve

Answer 12

5

Question 13

which cranial nerve root is the facial nerve

Answer 13

7

Question 14

which cranial nerve root is the accessory nerve from

Answer 14

11

Question 15

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 15

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 16

what are the 5 roots of the facial nerve

Answer 16

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Question 17

what does the trigeminal nerve supply

Answer 17

sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication

Question 18

what does the facial nerve supply

Answer 18

motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression

Question 19

which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve

Answer 19

trapezius and SCM

Question 20

how do you test the function of the accessory nerve

Answer 20

shrugging shoulders and rotating head against pressure

Question 21

what do muscles of mastication do

Answer 21

atto open or close the mouth

Question 22

what are the 4 muscles of mastication

Answer 22

lateral and medial pterygoids, masseter and temporalis

Question 23

what do the pterygoids do?

Answer 23

cause jaw depression, opening the jaw

Question 24

what branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies the masticators

Answer 24

the mandibular

Question 25

what does the masseter do?

Answer 25

elevates the jaw to close it

Question 26

what does the temporalis do?

Answer 26

elevates the jaw to close it

Question 27

how do you test the temporalis

Answer 27

palpate a clenched jaw

Question 28

how do you test the masseter

Answer 28

ask to clench teeth

Question 29

how do you test the pterygoids

Answer 29

get the patient to open their mouth against resistance

Question 30

where is the platysma found

Answer 30

embedded in the superficial cervical fascia

Question 31

what does the platysma do

Answer 31

tenses neck, assits in jaw depression, mouth depression

Question 32

how do you test for platysma

Answer 32

ask patient to tense their neck

Question 33

what does the oribcularis oculi do

Answer 33

close the eye

Question 34

which branches innervate the orbicularis oculi

Answer 34

temporal and zygomatic branches

Question 35

how do you test the orbacularis oculi

Answer 35

ask the patient to close eyes tight against resistance

Question 36

what does the buccinator do

Answer 36

flattens the cheek to help chewing

Question 37

what branch supplies the buccinator

Answer 37

buccal branch

Question 38

how do you test the action of buccinator

Answer 38

blowing out cheeks and resisting expulsion of air

Question 39

what does orbicularis oris do

Answer 39

closes the mouth

Question 40

which branch supplies orbicularis oris

Answer 40

buccal branch

Question 41

howdy you test the action of orbicularis oris

Answer 41

look for the mouth drooping

Question 42

what does occipitofrontalis do

Answer 42

raises the eyebrows

Question 43

where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and attach

Answer 43

originates from the sternum and clavicle and attaches to the mastoid process

Question 44

what does the sternocleidomastoid do

Answer 44

lateral flexion giving contralateral neck tilting