Flashcards in General outbreak control Deck (5)
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1
Q
9 steps in outbreak control
A
- Establish a team, lab support, comms
- Confirm the existence of an outbreak
- Define a case, find and count cases (line list)
- Environmental investigations
- Descriptive epidemiology (time, place, person)
- Generate and test hypothesis based on analytical epi
- Initiate control and prevention measures
- Initiate further surveillance or a more systematic study if necessary
- Report and disseminate findings
2
Q
What are the broad strategies to control infectious diseases? (11)
A
Public health legislation and regulation
Environmental health sanitation and control of water, food, waste and air
Surveillance
Immunisation
Isolation and quarantine
Investigation and control of outbreaks
Case-finding, contact tracing and screening
Education and training of health professionals
Education of the public and people at risk
Hygiene and infection control
Treatment of infections
3
Q
What are the 4 major factors that determine the impact an infection will have on an individual or community?
A
- Organism characteristics (lifecycle, reservoir, source, ability to survive in environment, how it replicates, size of infectious dose, pathogenicity)
- Host characteristics (immunity, immunosuppression, risk behaviours e.g. IVDU)
- Transmission characteristics (air, droplet, direct contact, water, fecal-oral, sexual)
- Environment (temp, humidity, dust, sanitation, vectors)
4
Q
How do you calculate the herd immunity threshold?
A
1-1/R0 (e.g. measles = 1-1/18 = 94%
5
Q
What is the R0 (and herd immunity threshold) of
- measles
- influenza
- pertussis
A
measles = 15-18 (94-95%) influenza = 2-3 (60-70%) pertussis = 12-15 (93-94%)