General Paramedic Vocabulary Flashcards by Jenna Duebber

more solutes than other solution

hypertonic

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less solutes than other solution

hypotonic

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same solutes concentration as other solution

isotonic

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everything inside of a cell

cytoplasm

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directs cellular activity

nucleolus

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the powerhouse of the cell

mitochondria

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carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentrations, drug detoxification, attachment of receptions on cell membrane proteins

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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substance that when dissolved, forms a true solution and is able to pass through a semipermeable membrane

crystalloid

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pressure the aorta valve has to overcome to open

afterload

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blood available to right atrium

preload

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produced by pituitary to stimulate thyroid

thyroid stimulating hormone

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process of stopping blood flow

hemostasis

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chemical process inside of a cell necessary for maintenance of life

metabolism

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a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

krebs cycle

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equilibrium, in balance

homeostasis

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support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue

intercalated disc

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terminal units of cardiac electric system

purkinje fibers

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metabolism with oxygen

aerobic metabolism

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metabolism without oxygen

anaerobic metabolism

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tubes in lungs that carry air to/from trachea

bronchioles

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bifurcation (division of something into two parts) of the right and left mainstem bronchi

carina

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functional units of lungs, one cell thick allowing for diffusion of respiratory gases

alveolus

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interstitial compartment, intravascular compartment (25% of body fluid)

extracellular fluid

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fluid within the cell (75% of body fluid)

intracellular fluid

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localized infection leads to systemic infection

theoretical infection

strength of cardiac contraction

inotrope

rate of cardiac

chronotropic

speed of electrical impulse through the heart

dromotropic

exits C-3,4,5 and supplies motor impulse to diaphragm (C-3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

phrenic nerve

stretch receptors prevent over inflation of lungs

hearing-breuer reflex

amount of blood expressed by heart in one minute (HR x SV = ?)

cardiac output (CO)

resistance to blood flow caused by vascular constriction

systemic vascular resistance

strength of contraction, frank starling

contractility (cardiac)

amount of blood pumped for ventricle in one contraction (usually about 70 mL)

stroke volume (SV)

involuntary nervous system, has two divisions - sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

rest and digest system

parasympathetic nervous system

fight or flight system

sympathetic nervous system

voluntary part of peripheral nervous system (PNS), carries motor and sensory both to/from CNS

somatic nervous system (SNS)

type of passive transport which uses a facilitator molecule to move a particle (ie. insulin and glucose)

facilitated transport

uses energy to move a particle against a gradient

active transport

passive transport, movement of particles (solutes) from area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

diffusion

movement of water (solvent) from areas of low particle concentration to areas of high particle concentration

osmosis

controls respiration, medulla (pH), arch of aorta, and carotids

chemoreceptors

fine motor control, storage of paradigms

cerebellum

master gland, controls pituitary, thermostat

hypothalamus

part of the brainstem that controls heart rate, respirations, BP

medulla oblongata

where heart rotates forward during systole, 5th intercostal space, left of mid-sternum, medial to left mid-clavicular line

point of maximum impulse (cardiac)

part of brainstem involved in arousal, controlling autonomic functions, relaying sensory information between cerebrum and cerebellum

pons

encloses cells and gives integrity to cells

cell membrane

semipermeable cell membrane

phospholipid membrane

responsible for alertness, area of electrical impulses between brainstem and cerebellum

reticular activating system

these receptors allow “feed-forward responses” to a predicted change in core body temperature in response to changing environmental conditions, respond to small changes in temperature

central thermoreceptors

percentage of RBCs in blood (45% M, 40% F)

hematocrit

another name for red blood cells (RBCs)

erythrocyte

this gives important information about the kinds and numbers of cells in the blood, especially RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

complete blood count (CBC)

the iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the RBCs of all vertebrates

hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb)

soluble protein excreted by a microorganism, have the potential to cause major damage to the host, can be secreted or released during cell lysis

exotoxin

potentially toxic, natural compounds found inside pathogens such as bacteria, a structural component in bacteria released mainly when bacteria are lysed

endotoxins

able to infect and cause harm to the body

pathogens

protects us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature, and permits sensations of touch, heat, and cold

skin

what electrolytes dissociate into when placed in solution, can be charged

ions

generates electrical energy for cell (cardiac and nerve), resting potential K+ in cell, Na+ outside, think ekg breakdown

sodium potassium pump

caused by the closure of AV valves (tricuspid and mitral)

heart sound 1 (s-1) lub

caused by the closure of the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonic)

heart sound 2 (s-2) dub

increasing volume of blood within the ventricles, right sided s3 will increase on inspiration (breathing in), left sided s3 will increase upon expiration (breathing out)

heart sound 3 (s-3) lub-dub-ta aka gallop rhythm

sign of pathology (hypotropic left ventricle as in systemic hypertension)

heart sound 4 (s-4) ta-lub-dub

phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries

systole

phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to full with blood

diastole

coronary vessels

atelactasis

hormones

common chemical elements in the body

manubrium

sternal notch

xiphoid process

body of sternum

negative feedback systems

positive feedback systems

acclimatization

neurotransmitters

epinephrine

norepinephrine

alpha receptor sites

beta receptor sites

muscarinic receptor sites

nicotinic receptor sites

layers of the heart

mediastinum

retroperitoneal cavity

limbic system

cilia

function of c-shaped rings in trachea

thoracoabdominal pump

venus valves

arteries

arterioles

veins

veinoles

capillaries

heart valves

mechanism for returning blood to heart

layers of blood vessels

General Paramedic Vocabulary Flashcards

(102 cards)